Showing papers in "Heart Failure Clinics in 2008"

TL;DR: The pathophysiology of abnormal ventriculoarterial stiffening and how it affects ventricular function, cardiovascular hemodynamics, reserve capacity, and symptoms is discussed.

TL;DR: The severity of heart failure and its prognosis are more closely related to the degree of diastsolic filling abnormalities than the ejection fraction, which underscores the importance of understanding the mechanisms of diastolic abnormalities in heart failure.

TL;DR: This review provides a theoretical basis for understanding the physiologic sequence of left ventricular twist during a cardiac cycle andVariations in left vents encountered in different experimental and clinical situations are discussed.

TL;DR: The presence of chronic kidney disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, yet it is also associated with underuse of evidence-based heart failure therapy that may reduce morbidityand mortality.

TL;DR: A new algorithm is proposed for exploring the spectrum of altered cardiac muscle mechanics in patients with heart failure to uncover the stages in progression of cardiac muscle dysfunction.

TL;DR: The mechanisms that regulate intracellular calcium handling, and the response of the myofilaments to calcium, are reviewed, including the changes in these components that can contribute to diastolic dysfunction.

TL;DR: In this paper, the development of myocardial architecture is discussed and molecular determination of cardiac phenotype (contractile and conducting), remodeling of ventricular wall architecture and its blood supply, and relation of trabecular compaction to noncompaction cardiomyopathy.

TL;DR: A framework for building patient-specific models of the myocardium, to help diagnosis, therapy planning, and procedure guidance, and to be able to introduce such models in clinical applications is presented.

TL;DR: Three fundamental risk factors are considered for "secondary" diastolic dysfunction and HF-hypertension, diabetes, and obesity-with an emphasis on the clinical epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and treatment implications of each.

TL;DR: The relationship between anemia in CKD and cardiovascular risk is reviewed and current knowledge on ESA treatment is explored, which suggests that treatment with ESAs could potentially help improve outcomes.

TL;DR: The transmural shortening and lengthening sequences are linked with the myofiber architecture of the left ventricular wall to explain the global three-dimensional twisting deformation of the LV.

TL;DR: Advances in computer power, novel diagnostic and therapeutic medical technologies, and an increasing knowledge of pathophysiology from gene to organ systems make it increasingly feasible to apply multiscale patient-specific modeling based on proven disease mechanisms.

TL;DR: This article summarizes the current progress in imaging the sequence of blood flow inside the cardiac chambers with an emphasis on the cardiac mechanical sequence that helps stabilize the redirected blood streams.

TL;DR: An overview of the neurohumoral reflexes that are activated in patients with heart failure and the effect of these mechanisms on renal hemodynamics and function is presented.

TL;DR: The efficacy and limitations of different diagnostic approaches, including Doppler imaging, are discussed and estimation of LV filling pressures is key for diagnosis and management of patients with heart failure.

TL;DR: The cholesterol paradox in patients who have chronic heart failure is explored and the potential of statins, which might be able to exert beneficial effects in both clinical conditions, despite lowering plasma cholesterol values, is discussed.

TL;DR: During diastole, the left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium that is subsequently ejected into the systemic circulation and can be measured as the ability to receive a large volume of blood at a rapid filling rate under low filling pressures.

TL;DR: The natriuretic peptides are a family of compounds secreted from the atria and ventricles in response to a variety of stimuli, including increased wall stress, tachycardia, and myocardial ischemia.

TL;DR: This article focuses on the non-lipid lowering effects of statins, with an emphasis on the anti-inflammatory properties of these agents.

TL;DR: Observational studies suggest that statin therapy is associated with lower mortality in patients who have diastolic heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction, but results emphasize the need for a randomized study of the effect of statins in diastolics heart failure.

TL;DR: Francisco (Paco) Torrent-Guasp, a Spanish cardiologist working in De'nia, Alicante, discovered that the complex structure of the ventricular myocardium is due to a double-loop helical orientation of a single muscular band that extends from the pulmonary artery to the aorta.

TL;DR: Animal models of heart failure demonstrate reduced sympathetic activation and improved sympathovagal balance with statin therapy, and ongoing translational studies and outcomes trials will help delineate the potentially beneficial effects of statins on the autonomic nervous system in heart failure.

TL;DR: A consistent benefit of statins on mortality is shown in heart failure patients of both ischemic and nonischemic etiology, and is not altered by concomitant heart failure medications or device therapy.

TL;DR: The renal consequences of using prostaglandin inhibitors in subjects who have congestive heart failure, including acute kidney injury, hyperkalemia, hypertension, and edema are summarized.

TL;DR: Recently, new techniques were developed to measure myocardial rotational movement, such as 2-dimensional STI, VVI, and harmonic phase-tagged MRI.

TL;DR: In heart failure, diuretics should always be given in the lowest possible dose with careful attention to reducing dietary sodium intake.

TL;DR: How therapies commonly used in heart failure affect kidney function is explained, with a special emphasis on pharmacologic agents that block the renin-angiotensin system (RAS).

TL;DR: The CORONA trial is the first prospective randomized clinical outcome trial with statins focused specifically on HF and shows significant reductions in the number of cardiovascular hospitalizations and in nonfatal ischemic events.

TL;DR: Insight is provided into the therapeutics of BNP and the importance of its second messenger 3'5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which also is the second messenger for nitric oxide and is modulated by renal phosphodiesterases.

TL;DR: Treatment of hypertension is a cornerstone of therapy designed to prevent or to treat diastolic heart failure, and several antihypertensive agents have been shown to effectively reduce wave reflection.