Showing papers in "International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal in 2018"

Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in entrepreneurship and innovation research – the rise of a method

Abstract: This article reviews and critically examines 77 journal articles published from 2005 to 2016 on the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) applied in business and management research on the fields of entrepreneurship and innovation research. The findings reveal that the number of fsQCA applications has sharply increased during the past few years. Stemming from the systematic literature review, core aspects dealing with firm performance and innovation are identified. Ultimately, we provide promising areas with future potential for the application of fsQCA such as the elaboration of the antecedents leading to business model innovation.

Revisiting entrepreneurial intentions: a social cognitive career theory approach

Abstract: This manuscript expands upon the extant knowledge of self-efficacy by applying social cognitive career theory (SCCT) to entrepreneurship, positing that it is a robust theoretical framework to study individual entrepreneurial activity. Additionally, self-efficacy is an important entrepreneurial construct, central to our understanding of entrepreneurial phenomena, so we explore how self-efficacy shapes entrepreneurial intentions, and provide arguments regarding the roles of both domain-specific and generalized self-efficacy. More specifically, we posit several SCCT-informed propositions: person inputs (generalized self-efficacy, gender, minority status) and environmental / background inputs (prior work experience, prior entrepreneurship experience, and prior family business exposure) significantly impacted entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial outcome expectations; entrepreneurial self-efficacy mediates the person input – entrepreneurial outcome expectations and person input – entrepreneurial intentions relationships, and entrepreneurial outcome expectations mediates the person inputs – entrepreneurial intentions relationship. In sum, this manuscript affirms the importance of SCCT in predicting EI, thus introducing a new perspective to the entrepreneurship literature that may provide unique insights in other areas as well.

Entrepreneurship by immigrants: a review of existing literature and directions for future research

Abstract: The topic of immigrant entrepreneurship has gained considerable attention in social and policy circles around the world. Likewise, research on it has grown significantly over the past few decades, with studies examining the micro-, meso-, and macro-level antecedents and consequences of this phenomenon. While contributing to our knowledge, this growth in literature has also created complexity within this domain. As such, there is a need to take stock of current research. In the present study, I advance in this direction. I delineate the boundaries and outline the contributions of immigrant entrepreneurship research to the field of entrepreneurship. Thereafter, based on a comprehensive review of 69 studies published between 1980 and 2016 in journals across multiple disciplines, I develop a framework to integrate findings within this domain. Finally, I identify gaps and advance suggestions for future research. It is hoped that these steps will provide a clear vision of common research ground on which to build theory, identify assumptions, develop meaningful research questions and establish the ontological and epistemological base of this domain.

Entrepreneurial resilience: a biographical analysis of successful entrepreneurs

Abstract: To be sustainably successful, entrepreneurs need a resilience capacity that enables them to overcome critical situations and even emerge from failures and crises stronger than before. Although academic interest in the resilience concept has steadily grown in recent years, research on entrepreneurial resilience is still at a preliminary stage. It largely remains unclear what entrepreneurial resilience actually is, which elements it contains, and how it can be enhanced. To help filling this research gap, we provide a literature review and deduce a theoretical framework of entrepreneurial resilience. Furthermore, we analyze the biographies of eight highly resilient entrepreneurs. Based on a qualitative content analysis, we identify two situational (parents’ behavior and parents’ experience) and two process-related factors (entrepreneurial learning and experience and entrepreneur’s work attitudes and behaviors) that seem to have a great impact on the development of entrepreneurial resilience and success. As a result, our paper offers a useful starting point for future empirical studies and a successful management of resilience in the entrepreneurial context.

Financial return crowdfunding: literature review and bibliometric analysis

Abstract: In the FinTech era, other technological enterprises different from traditional banking are offering financial services (Zalan and Toufaily Zalan et al. Contemporary Economics, 11(4), 2017). Crowdfunding is a materialization of the evolution of entrepreneurial finance, permitting the raising of funds from a crowd of investors through online platforms. Crowdfunding is a rather new phenomenon, so literature is still incipient. This research aims to study crowdfunding as a financial instrument. For this reason, we will focus specifically on crowdfunding that generates a financial return- i.e., peer-to-peer lending (P2P) and equity crowdfunding (EC). This article looks into the documents published in the Tomson Reuters Web of Science on the field of financial return crowdfunding. Conclusions are drawn in terms of relevance of this burgeoning topic and suggestions for future research are put forward.

Conceptualizing social entrepreneurship in the context of emerging economies: an integrative review of past research from BRIICS

Abstract: Social entrepreneurship is well practiced and talked about in emerging economies. However, till date, no dedicated review and conceptual framework exists, synthesizing and integrating past social entrepreneurship research in the fast growing emerging economies, commonly known as BRIICS (Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China, and South Africa). The purpose of this article is to bridge that gap by conducting an integrative review of 123 most relevant peer-reviewed scholarly articles, filtered out of 1779 search results in six different research databases. Country-specific conceptual perspectives have been extracted and integrated to formulate a novel social entrepreneurship framework that is inclusive of five key social entrepreneurship dimensions emerging from these economies: (a) Social Welfare, (b) Social Capital, (c) Social Entrepreneur, (d) Economic Value Creation, and (e) Collective Endurance. This exercise was an initiative to facilitate the global community of social entrepreneurship researchers and practitioners in understanding the diversity, meaning, and evolution of the social entrepreneurship phenomenon in the context of emerging economies. They can advance research in this domain with the aid of the proposed framework and the research questions proposed for future research.

Entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in family SMEs: the moderating effects of family, women, and strategic involvement in the board of directors

Abstract: Entrepreneurial success in family SMEs is largely determined by the knowledge, skills, and new ideas contributed by board directors, the most important actors in the formulation of corporate strategy and decision making. The composition of family SME boards has traditionally been homogeneous, as such boards usually comprise male family members. Boards’ contributions, however, depend on their level of diversity and strategic involvement. This study analyzes the moderating effects of two main sources of board diversity in family firms, family involvement level and gender diversity, as potential means of enhancing family firms’ success when exploiting entrepreneurial initiatives. This study also explores whether these two potential moderators depend on the strategic involvement of the board directors. Based on a sample of 230 Spanish family firms, we found that the link between entrepreneurial orientation and performance is stronger in firms with lower levels of family involvement and higher levels of gender diversity in the board. Moreover, the board’s high strategic involvement may strengthen the positive impact of gender diversity and change the moderating influence of family involvement from negative to positive.

Analysis of the influence of the environment, stakeholder integration capability, absorptive capacity, and technological skills on organizational performance through corporate entrepreneurship

Abstract: This research seeks to analyze how factors such as the environment, stakeholder integration capability, absorptive capacity, and technological skills influence corporate entrepreneurship, and the repercussions of corporate entrepreneurship for the organization’s results. The hypotheses are tested empirically using a sample of 160 European technology firms. A positive relationship is found between the factors of the environment and stakeholder integration capability, and corporate entrepreneurship. The uncertainty and complexity of the environment in which the organization operates and its relationship with stakeholders require the firm to be involved in constant updating, collaboration between parties, and innovation of processes, products, and system to maintain competitive advantage. Further, the capacity to absorb new knowledge and develop technological skills can generate new, advanced technological processes. These processes foster corporate entrepreneurship to detect opportunities on the market and transform them into additional advantage over competitors. Corporate entrepreneurship increases organizational performance, as it entrusts entrepreneurs with the task of utilizing potentially value-creating resources more effectively than competitors.

Independent directors and family firm performance: does one size fit all?

Abstract: How will the presence of independent directors affect family business performance? This question is still theoretically debated and empirically inconclusive. Because family businesses are a group of heterogeneous companies with different levels of family involvement in the business, the purpose of this paper is to empirically explore how the combination of different family business governance structures jointly shape the effect of independent directors on family business performance in an understudied Collectivist cultural setting. Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) on a sample of 74 Lebanese family firms this study finds that, depending on the family firm governance structure, the presence of independent directors on the board can lead to either positive or negative firm performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The effects of personal abilities and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions

Abstract: The entrepreneurial intention in this work is addressed from the Theory of Planned Behavior. On the one hand, how personal abilities, such as creativity, proactivity, risk aversion and internal locus of control affect the multidimensional concept of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the attitude toward entrepreneurship has been studied. Personal abilities can affect to entrepreneurial intention through the mediating effect caused by self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the mediation effect of the attitude toward entrepreneurship in the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention to set up a company has been analyzed. A structural equations model (SEM) has been estimated using the method of partial least squares regression (PLS) with a sample composed of 1126 university students. The results show both direct and indirect effect on the relationship between personal abilities and entrepreneurial intention. In addition, results indicated the mediating effect of attitude toward entrepreneurship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. These findings indicate that personal abilities play an important role in the understanding of the theory of planned behavior and could be used to promote entrepreneurship through several approaches.

Entrepreneurial motivation: a non-entrepreneur’s journey to become an entrepreneur

Abstract: In entrepreneurship literature, much research effort is focused on differentiating entrepreneurs, recognizing or exploiting opportunities, resources available or required, or a combination of the three entrepreneurship-defining factors. There is, however, very little research on understanding a non-entrepreneur’s motivation to become an entrepreneur. This greatly limits our knowledge of the entrepreneurial process. It has hindered our understanding of how non-entrepreneurs are motivated to pursue entrepreneurial career options and has led to misinformed decisions by scholars and policy makers. In this paper, our goal is to develop a theory of entrepreneurial motivation that explains how non-entrepreneurs develop the motivation to pursue entrepreneurship. We argue that an individual’s self-assessment of their identity is the primary factor in individuals developing entrepreneurial motivation. The identity self-assessment leads individuals either to seek enhancement of their identity or establish a new identity that opens them to the influence of entrepreneurial motivation reinforcing entrepreneurial exposure in their social environment.

Unlocking the influence of family business exposure on entrepreneurial intentions

Abstract: Although the impact of family business exposure on offspring’s entrepreneurial intentions has attracted significant attention, assessments of this impact remain inconsistent. To solve this puzzle, we switch the focus from the presence of family business exposure to the content of exposure by examining the learning experiences of business family offspring. Specifically, we test the impact of perceived parental entrepreneurial rewards on entrepreneurial intentions and explore the underlying process in this relationship. Findings from a sample of 131 Chinese business family offspring support that perceived parental entrepreneurial rewards are positively related to entrepreneurial intentions, and this relationship is found to be partially mediated by entrepreneurial self-efficacy; additionally, offspring’s family business involvement weakens the positive impact of perceived parental entrepreneurial rewards on entrepreneurial intentions but strengthens the impact of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The findings from this research contribute to the social cognitive career theory, family business, and entrepreneurial cognition literature. We also provide practical guidance for parent entrepreneurs by clarifying the impact of perceived parental entrepreneurial rewards and family business involvement on their children’s entrepreneurial intentions.

Critical success factors in early new product development: a review and a conceptual model

Abstract: The literature on the front end in the New Product Development (NPD) literature is fragmented with respect to the identification and analysis of the factors that are critical to successful product development. The article has a two-fold purpose. First, it describes, analyses, and synthesizes those factors through a literature review of the research on the front end in NPD. Second, it conceptualizes a framework that features two types of success factors: foundational success factors (common to all the firm’s projects) and project-specific success factors (appropriate for the firm’s individual projects). The article makes recommendations for the management of this important phase of product development, discusses limitations of relevant previous research, and offers suggestions for future research. The article makes a theoretical contribution with its analysis and synthesis of the reasons for success in front-end activities and a practical contribution with its conceptual framework that can be used as an analytical tool by firms and their product managers.

Innovation resources integration pattern in high-tech entrepreneurial enterprises

Abstract: This paper discusses the innovation resource intergration pattern of high-tech entrepreneurial enterprises formed through integration of internal and external innovation resources in the face of demand change and continuous competition. The study finds that the core of the high-tech entrepreneurial enterprise’ sustainable growth is the effective integration of internal and external innovation resources, and the effective pattern of innovation resource integration is group polymerisation and chain integration. These two innovation resource integration pattern either substantiates the traditional theory of innovation resource integration and offers a guidance for growth practices of high-tech entrepreneurial enterprises in China.

Sustainable entrepreneurial orientation within an intrapreneurial context: effects on business performance

Abstract: This article studies the effects of sustainable entrepreneurial orientation on business performance within an intrapreneurial context. Even though intrapreneurship is associated with entrepreneurially oriented organizations, researchers do not agree on its relationship with business performance. To that end, the authors suggest an integrated approach to intrapreneurship by building a contingent model with sustainable entrepreneurial orientation as an antecedent. From a dynamic capabilities perspective, this variable refers to a multiple strategic orientation that allows companies to both incorporate sustainability into their strategy and take on an intrapreneurial mindset. The moderating variable proposed is intrapreneurship consequences, which is understood as the result of entrepreneurial activities carried out within the organization. To test the model, measures adapted from the existing literature are used. Hypotheses are tested using the partial least squares method on a multi-sector random sample. The results confirm the direct effect of sustainable entrepreneurial orientation on business performance and the moderating effect of intrapreneurship consequences. However, the inclusion of this moderating effect barely modifies the model’s results. From a theoretical standpoint, the findings provide some advances in sustainable entrepreneurial orientation conceptualization and measurement, sustainable intrapreneurship, the dynamic capabilities perspective, and the multiple strategic orientation view. From a managerial point of view, the findings point to sustainable entrepreneurial orientation as a strategic pillar for organizations in order to promote sustainability and improve their performance. Further research lines are provided.

Entrepreneurial universities and regional contribution

Abstract: For the past few decades, higher education institutions (HEIs) have been evolving into full-fledged managerial entities preoccupied with generating profits and creating an economic impact on local, regional and national scales. Taking cues from the international trend, numerous political initiatives in Russia have emphasized government support for innovative and entrepreneurial activities at regional universities. This study attempts to define the dimensions of entrepreneurial universities and determine to what extent this definition is applicable to the regional context in Russia. Using data from HEIs’ efficiency monitoring conducted by the Ministry of Education and the Science of Russian Federation, we analyze the scientific and research productivity metrics and the funding structure of 20 universities located in the Saint Petersburg region, and we investigate the entrepreneurial activities undertaken by different types of universities. While policymakers and universities tend to employ mostly quantitative quality performance indicators (QPIs) to capture scientific productivity and commercial outcomes, the findings suggest that the regionalized impact of universities extends far beyond technology transfer and tangible outputs (in terms of human capital attraction and detention, formation of entrepreneurship capital, informal networks, new ideas, etc.). This study furthers the knowledge about the heterogeneous nature of entrepreneurialism at Russian universities and provides useful insights for policymaking and managerial practice. The transformation of a university into a local entrepreneurial fulcrum demands massive government funding during the initial stages and coordinated policy measures to foster the innovative activities of the university without compromising its traditional teaching and research functions.

Dimensional effects of Korean SME’s entrepreneurial orientation on internationalization and performance: the mediating role of marketing capability

Abstract: This study examines how three different dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (proactiveness, innovativeness, and risk-taking) each determine internationalization strategies and enhance international performance among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through the mediating role of marketing capabilities. An integrative theoretical framework built on international entrepreneurship and a resource-based approach was tested in the context of Korean SMEs. Analyses of 401 survey data collected from Korean exporting SMEs revealed the differential effects of each entrepreneurial orientation and the mediating effect of marketing capability on internationalization strategies and performance. Proactiveness and risk taking appeared to function as significant antecedents of marketing capability. Marketing capability, in turn, significantly decreased internationalization scope and increased the financial performance of Korean SMEs, though it did not influence internationalization scale. This study further confirms that the mediating role of marketing capability in entrepreneurial orientation-performance relationships vary by entrepreneurial orientation dimensions. Taking the direct and indirect roles of the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions together, this study recommends the critical prioritization of risk-taking over proactiveness. It extends previous approaches to the triad of resource–capability–performance. Theoretical contributions and insightful managerial implications are also provided.

Efficient entrepreneurial culture: a cross-country analysis of developed countries

Abstract: Entrepreneurship, together with national cultural values, may improve a country’s GDP levels. Under this hypothesis, the aim of this paper is to analyse the relationships between the levels of entrepreneurship, cultural values, and of GDP per capita in a sample of 27 developed countries, by identifying an efficient combination of culture and entrepreneurship variables, under the concept of efficient entrepreneurial culture, that maximises GDP per capita. Through the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, nine countries have been identified as having an efficient entrepreneurial culture. The implications derived for policy-makers are substantial, since a better understanding of cultural effects on entrepreneurship can lead to improvements in the design of governmental programmes that foster cultural values related to high-quality entrepreneurship.

Desperate entrepreneurs: no opportunities, no skills

Abstract: Promoting entrepreneurship has become an important policy strategy in Europe in the hope to stimulate the crisis-shaken economy. In this paper, we caution against undue expectations. Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor for 17 European countries, we find that a considerable proportion of the new entrepreneurs have started a business despite a negative perception of business opportunities as well as lack of confidence in their own entrepreneurial skills. This proportion has increased during the economic crisis, especially in those countries which were particularly affected by economic downturn and rising unemployment. We extend existing entrepreneurship theories to account for this phenomenon, which we call “nons-entrepreneurship”. Testing the hypotheses derived from our model, we find that the primary motivation for these people to turn to entrepreneurship is the lack of other options to enter the labour market during the economic crisis. Still, this sort of “desperate” entrepreneurship does not equal necessity based entrepreneurship, warranting further research.

Antecedents and consequences of cooperative entrepreneurship: a conceptual model and empirical investigation

Abstract: Although the perceived sufficiency of research on inter-organizational relationships, scant attention has been given to entrepreneurship fulfillment in this domain. This brings to the fore the need to advance the literature on ‘cooperative entrepreneurship’ referring, in general, to an inter-firm collaborative strategy developed principally to enhance partners’ entrepreneurial status. Therefore, stoking theoretical foundations of the cooperative entrepreneurship concept, the present study aims to identify the most important factors influencing and influenced by this strategy. A selective literature review led us to propose a conceptual model incorporating the cooperative entrepreneurship construct, its antecedents and the consequences. The results from 228 questionnaires filled in by managers serving in the automobile parts manufacturing industry provide fresh evidence for the significant positive impacts of partners’ entrepreneurial attitude, complementarity, and compatibility (as antecedents) on cooperative entrepreneurship, as well as the positive effects of cooperative entrepreneurship on firms’ agility, customer relationship management, learning, innovative, and sensing capabilities (as consequences). In addition to the proposed conceptual model, this research contributes to the literature by: conceptualizing entrepreneurial attitude at the level of business unit, identifying a number of indicators to measure cooperative entrepreneurship, and taking the dynamic capabilities perspective to propose the set of consequences. The practical implications are also discussed, especially targeting the cooperation partners’ senior managers.

Strategic entrepreneurship and competitive advantage of established firms: evidence from the digital TV industry

Abstract: Although strategic entrepreneurship in established firms is recognized as a vital source of sustainable competitive advantage, this field has no clearly developed research paradigm. This study proposes a conceptual framework to investigate dimensions of strategic entrepreneurship and its function in sustainable competitive advantage of established firms in a modern volatile environment, through the lens of the dynamic capability view. By conducting a systematic literature review of previous research documents and considering conceptual interrelationships between strategic entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities, we propose categories that comprise dimensions of a firm’s strategic entrepreneurship: environmental sensing, opportunity seizing, strategic flexibility, entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning. We establish a conceptual framework of strategic entrepreneurship in which entrepreneurs’ managerial capabilities of environmental sensing, opportunity seizing, strategic flexibility and entrepreneurial orientation closely interact with organizational learning, thereby facilitating sustainable performance of established firms. Following empirical studies of established firms in the digital TV manufacturing industry, the proposed conceptual framework suggests that each dimension of strategic entrepreneurship plays a critical role in competitive advantage of firms. In addition, case study results indicate that a firm’s position and evolutionary path form antecedent factors influencing entrepreneurs’ managerial capabilities and organizational learning of established firms.

The salient role of institutions in Women’s entrepreneurship: a critical review and agenda for future research

Abstract: Institutions play an important role in women’s and men’s entrepreneurial behaviors. This article provides a systematic review of institutions and women’s entrepreneurship literature through an institutional lens, with a particular focus on informal and formal institutions. The article sets out to explore institutions for women’s entrepreneurship, illustrating why having an institutional perspective of women’s entrepreneurship contributes to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. To reach this aim, we analyze and classify the scholarship by explanatory factors and type of informal and formal institutions. The article suggests that gender roles, as an informal institution, influence the creation of both informal and formal institutions, and in turn, the women’s entrepreneurial behaviors is based on gender roles. Finally, a theoretical model is developed, which allocates women’s entrepreneurship in the center and shows the role of institutional environment in their decision to start new ventures. Implications for future research are finally discussed.

Venture capital and entrepreneurship: a conceptual model and research suggestions

Abstract: This paper discusses the relationship between entrepreneurship, as an important factor to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, and venture capital (VC) in the context of China which has an emerging and immature market with high proportion of state-owned capital, imperfect legal system, inexperienced investors, and wrong market orientation. According to the exsisting literature and the development of Chinese VC industry, the conceptual framework we propose has five main elements: characteristics of VC, contextual issues in China, the meaning of the entrepreneurship, influence mechanism, and outcomes, including the change of entrepreneurship at individual and firm level as well as region and industry level. In addition to taking into account the selection preference of VC, two-sided moral hazard problem, and the special situation of Chinese market, the authers provide three suggestions for further empirical research to identify the effect of VC more precisely.

Exploring Creative Entrepreneurs' Happiness: Cognitive Style, Guanxi, and Creativity

Abstract: Traditional economic theories generally assume that entrepreneurs’ satisfaction is largely affected by financial performance of their entrepreneurial business, while recent research suggests that entrepreneurs’ happiness is more important than financial success. Drawing upon the theories of entrepreneurial cognition and social networks, we develop a model to explore the factors influencing entrepreneurs’ happiness. A total of 270 creative entrepreneurs in Taiwan’s creative industries are studied. Results show that entrepreneurs’ creating cognitive style has a positive effect on both entrepreneurs’ creativity and firm creativity, but entrepreneurs’ planning cognitive style has a negative effect. Findings indicate that entrepreneurs with strong family ties and business ties have high level of individual creativity and firm creativity, which then have a positive influence on entrepreneurs’ happiness.

Fostering path of ecological sustainable entrepreneurship within big data network system

Abstract: Traditional growth modes has encountered with frustrating social and environmental problems, while the intervention and governance of controlling or alleviating the negative externalities of enterprises do not bring about satisfying results since the traditional entrepreneurs do not take social, environmental and sustainable responsibilities as their imperative responsibility. Furthermore, the previous literatures concerning entrepreneurship does not consider entrepreneurship with the advantage of big data internet system. In this sense, the research establishes a theoretically framework to understand the fostering path of ecological sustainable entrepreneurship within big data internet system, especially with the comprehension of the situation in developing context. The obtained conclusions are listed as follows. First, the theoretical framework of endogenous and exogenous motivations for traditional entrepreneurship takes economic achievement as the primary motivation for traditional growth. Second, the ecological sustainable entrepreneurship within big data internet system focuses on dealing with negative issues and realizing better off in both social and ecological aspects from the very beginning to the end. Finally and most importantly, the research provides the identification of fostering path of ecological sustainable entrepreneurship within big data internet system, and indicates the fostering path lies in the dimensions of (1) positive ecological or environmental, social, and sustainable concerns and actions during the whole period; (2) collective spirit, challenge and learning; (3) crowd funding in financial start-up capital; (4) shorten growth period; and (5) even greater economic profit than traditional enterprises.

Regulatory focus, environmental turbulence, and entrepreneur improvisation

Abstract: Improvisation is increasingly recognized as a critical strategy used by entrepreneurs for effectively dealing with unexpected events Nevertheless, limited effort has been exerted in the investigation of the antecedents of entrepreneur improvisation This study proposes and analyzes regulatory focus as an important antecedent of entrepreneur improvisation, and examines the moderating role of environmental turbulence in this relationship Data are obtained from a two-wave survey of 99 entrepreneurs in the largest economic area in China Empirical results indicate that promotion focus (but not prevention focus) is significantly related to entrepreneur improvisation Furthermore, environmental turbulence significantly moderates the relationship between prevention focus and entrepreneur improvisation These findings advance the understanding of entrepreneur improvisation and regulatory focus theory, and provide practical implications for entrepreneurs, investors and boards of directors

Strategic entrepreneurship: Content, process, context, and outcomes

Abstract: Strategic entrepreneurship (SE) is typically defined as organizationally consequential innovations within existing firms that involve the combination/integration of opportunity- and advantage-seeking behaviors. Focused on the transformation of organizations through innovation, SE is a construct that has generated much practitioner and scholarly interest in the preceding decades. Building upon the many contributions already observed on the topic, this paper aims to identify current limitations and central research issues of SE. Borrowing a framework from the change management literature, I diagnose current conceptualizations of SE and promote future research through careful consideration of the content, process, context, and relevant outcomes of SE. Examination of the extant literature would suggest there is still ample room for scholars to contribute to properly defining SE, understanding exactly how SE is manifest in organizations, uncovering relevant and opportune internal and external environments for SE to pervade, and identifying pertinent consequences and results from successful SE.

On the boundaries of social entrepreneurship: a review of relationships with related research domains

Abstract: Social entrepreneurship represents a unique and distinctive domain within the broader discipline of entrepreneurship research. The sub-field of social entrepreneurship also shares many commonalities with various sub-fields of larger fields of research such as corporate social responsibility, base of pyramid, non-profit management, social innovation, and impact investing. Understanding the boundaries of social entrepreneurship as well as its relations to these other areas of research is increasingly important as these sub-fields continue to evolve. We provide a clear and concise delineation of social entrepreneurship as a research domain to aid future researchers attempting to understand how social entrepreneurship connects to these other streams of research. Finally, we conclude by outlining research questions that exist at the boundaries of social entrepreneurship and these related sub-fields of research.

What are the antecedents of women’s entrepreneurial orientation?

Abstract: This study seeks to identify the antecedents of women’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and exploring what possible relationships that may exist between them. The research focuses on women entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs in a quantitative perspective whose methodology consisted of the collection of primary data through a survey distributed to women in Portugal. After structural equation modelling was applied, the results suggested that recognition of opportunities influences EO. This influence is expressed both directly and indirectly through training in management and entrepreneurial skills. These findings led to the conclusion that policies promoting training for community members, in general, need to be rethought and policies need to emphasise training in management that enhances entrepreneurial skills, thereby increasing the proliferation of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship education and training should be promoted from basic education onwards in order to develop entrepreneurial skills from an early age. Prior to this study, the relationships between opportunity recognition, management training and entrepreneurial skills have never been studied in relation to women.

Women’s entrepreneurship: A model of business-family interface and performance

Abstract: Recently, there are renewed calls to develop new models addressing the intricacies of women-owned businesses and the women that head them. A new conceptual model of women’s entrepreneurship that involves relationships between business-family-interface and firm performance is introduced in our paper. We test the model based on data from countries around the world and show that the model’s links depend on the country context. As a result, we identify new boundary conditions to the domain of female entrepreneurship. Implications are discussed.