Showing papers in "International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience in 2004"

TL;DR: Observations suggest that domain formation is largely the consequence of competition between astrocyte processes, similar to the well‐studied competitive interactions between certain neuronal dendritic fields.

TL;DR: The developmental temporal coincidence of increased levels of reactive nitrogen species and antioxidative enzymes with the onset of β‐amyloid plaque deposition provides further evidence that developmentally and aging‐induced alterations in brain oxidative status exhibit a major factor in triggering enhanced production and deposition of β-amyloids, and potentially predispose to Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: A model is presented to provide a heuristic framework for making predictions about imprinted effects of childhood drug exposure and epidemiological data on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and childhood depression, prescription practices, and what is known regarding the long‐term consequences of drug exposure in these populations are reviewed.

TL;DR: In a related disorder termed frontotemporal dementia, which is characterized by tangles in the absence of β‐amyloid deposition, mutations have been identified in tau which also lead to neurodegeneration and dementia.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that increasing corticosterone levels influence amygdala activity to permit the emergence of fear expression and alteration of the neonatal CORT system by environmental insults such as alcohol, stress and illegal drugs, may also alter the Neonatal fear system and its underlying neural control.

TL;DR: The results suggest that while oxidative stress‐related neurodegeneration may be a contributing factor in FAS, the antioxidant protection against alcohol‐induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell loss in the rat hippocampus does not appear to be sufficient to prevent the behavioral impairments associated with FAS.

TL;DR: Oral nicotine delivery to pregnant mice causes persistent, gender‐dependant changes in behavior and sensitivity to nicotine, which may be very useful for future studies that try to more accurately define windows of sensitivity for nicotine exposure and the possible underlying neurochemical mechanisms involved.

TL;DR: The ability of astrocytes to synthesize BDNF in addition to nerve growth factor (NGF) is confirmed and the influence of different pharmacological agents, including neurotransmitter receptor agonists, cytokines, and second messenger up‐regulators, on the synthesis of BDNF and NGF is monitored.

TL;DR: There were no MDMA effects seen on cued trials in the MWM or on straight channel swimming trials regardless of test order, indicating that MDMA had no effects on swimming ability or on the skills needed to learn the M WM.

TL;DR: The hibernation cycle is used as a physiological model of adaptation associated with an extraordinary high degree of structural neuronal plasticity to analyze the potential link between synaptic plasticity, synaptic detachment and the regulation of tau phosphorylation.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that Ca2+‐independent phospholipase A2 and docosahexaenoic acid are promising targets for treatment of inflammatory related disorders in brain is put forward.

TL;DR: This is the first study to demonstrate a dose–response relationship between adolescent nicotine exposure and changes in cocaine reward and sensitivity during adulthood and the results of motor activity tests with dopamine agonist only approached significance.

TL;DR: It is found that a combination of 50 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor 8, 10 ng/ ml glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor and 10 μM forskolin facilitated the differentiation of human fetal mesencephalic progenitor cells into dopaminergic neurons in vitro.

TL;DR: Pyrethroid‐based mosquito repellents (MR) are commonly used to protect humans against mosquito vector and the neurotoxicity caused by MR has aroused concern among public regarding their use.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that neonatal MDMA administration exposure stimulates apoptotic cell death in various forebrain areas and also leads to a long‐term reorganization of the forebrain serotonergic innervation, indicating offspring of MDMA‐using women may be at heightened risk for abnormal neural and behavioral development.

TL;DR: The c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNKs) are important mediators of neurodegeneration and this involves a role of JNKs in the development of the brain and the (functional and/or structural) integrity of the cytoskeleton.

TL;DR: The preliminary results suggest that adolescent rats may have an increased sensitivity to nicotine and alcohol, which may consequently impact their initial addiction to these two drugs.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the alteration of Na+,K+‐ATPase and induction of oxidative stress by homocysteine in cerebral cortex may be one of the mechanisms related to the neuronal dysfunction observed in human homocystinuria.

TL;DR: In summary, the studies described have found that human fetal exposure to SSRIs has substantial effects on 5‐HT transport in utero; exposure toSSRIs through breastmilk of mothers treated for postpartum depression usually has negligible effects on5‐HT uptake; prescribed SSRis appear to exert similar effects on 4‐HT transporter blockade in children and adults.

TL;DR: It is suggested that while pwSI has an effect in the postpubertal content of DA in both sham and nVH lesions in rats, thenVH‐lesioned rats appear to be affected to a greater extent than the sham animals underscoring the influence of pw SI differences in the development of behaviors in the nVVH-lesioned animals.

TL;DR: The present work reviews the present knowledge concerning the functional biology of cytokines and chemokines in prion infections of the CNS and investigates the role of cytokine/chemokine secretion in disease development.

TL;DR: This observation suggests that a factor secreted by NGF‐treated DRG axons interacts with laminin, enabling repulsion, and its interaction with the extracellular matrix play an important role in the mechanism of sensory axonal pathfinding.

TL;DR: Recent data on HSP induction and aggregate formation in oligodendroglia cell culture systems are summarized, indicating that posttranslational modification of tau, H SP induction and alterations of the proteasomal system, which might occur during aging and disease processes, are involved in the neuropathological events leading to aggregate formation and degeneration.

TL;DR: The present data indicates that the expression of nestin in the mouse inner ear is developmentally regulated; yet in the adult inner ear there are some nestin expressing cells, suggesting an intrinsic repair potential, although to a more limited extent than during early post‐natal life.

TL;DR: The data suggest that even lower doses of methamphetamine can alter learning and memory in adulthood, although with less consistent results than with doses higher than 5 mg/kg/dose, and would caution against even casual use of methamphetamine by women during pregnancy.

TL;DR: The low levels of Topoisomerase II β activity in ageing cerebellum may contribute to the genomic instability in cerebellar region of ageing brain.

TL;DR: Results suggest that GF differentially affected PLC activation downstream of mGluR5 versus lpR activation and that the changes in mRNA levels of lpRs do not account for marked attenuation of agonist‐induced phosphoinositide turnover.

TL;DR: Peripheral stimuli‐induced modulations in acetylcholine regulation may reflect blood cell lineage‐dependent acetylycholinesterase splice variations that modify inflammation and immune responses in blood cells.

TL;DR: Clinical data suggests that children who demonstrate the largest impairments in prenatal brain growth, which are positively correlated with the highest level of prenatal cocaine exposure, are more likely to demonstrate selective impairment in postnatalbrain growth, as well as postnatal impairment in motor function, attention and language skills.

TL;DR: Cerebral blood flow did not differ during hypoxia or recovery in the polyethylene glycol conjugated superoxide dismutase and control treatment groups, and there was no effect of increased superoxide anion concentration on cerebral blood flow during hyperoxic recovery following Hypoxia.