Showing papers in "International Journal of Drug Policy in 2014"

TL;DR: A nationwide up-cycle of heroin use may be occurring among young inner city, suburban and rural youth fueled by widespread prescription opioid pill use.

TL;DR: Review-level evidence indicates that harm reduction interventions can reduce IRB, with evidence strongest for OST and NSP, but further studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and impact of scaling up comprehensive packages of harm Reduction interventions to minimise HIV and HCV transmission among PWID.

TL;DR: The greatest threat to Silk Road and other sites operating on the Deep Web is not law enforcement or market dynamics, it is technology itself.

TL;DR: Policy shifts are increasing coverage of key interventions for PWID in China, Malaysia, Vietnam and Ukraine, and increases in PWID receiving antiretroviral treatment and opioid substitution treatment are promising developments.

TL;DR: The research and analysis herein will provide policymakers with a greater understanding of the laws and regulations relevant to legal cannabis in these three jurisdictions, as well as draw to their attention some potential impacts and challenges of cannabis reform that require additional consideration to ensure public safety and health.

TL;DR: Prevalence of cannabis use is expected to increase if cannabis is legal to use and legally available and large proportions of subgroups of students normally at low risk for use reported intention to use if legal.

TL;DR: The comparison between the US and the UK in opioid consumption and overdose rates should serve as a call to action for UK physicians and policymakers to help avert a public health crisis as opioid prescriptions increase.

TL;DR: Findings have important implications for policymakers and those in the scientific community trying to understand the extent to which greater availability of higher potency marijuana increases the risk of negative public health outcomes, such as drugged driving and drug-induced psychoses.

TL;DR: This article explored gender sameness and difference in recovery from heroin dependence with reference to gender theory, the existing literature on women and drugs, and the concept of recovery capital, finding that women reported more physical and sexual abuse than men, they had better family and social relationships and more access to informal support, including material assistance and housing.

TL;DR: This case demonstrates how constructing drug problems in terms of 'drug-related harms' or alternately 'drug use' can affect what is perceived to be an appropriate set of policy responses by analysing the stated aims of the policies.

TL;DR: The frequency of IDU-police encounters highlights the importance of including contextual and structural measures in infectious disease risk surveillance, and the need to develop approaches harmonizing structural policing and public health.

TL;DR: Recommendations for working with PWID include the rapid HBV vaccination regimen; offer incentives to increase uptake and completion of the HBV vaccine schedule; needle and syringe programs should also provide low dead-space syringes for distribution; and offer peer interventions to reduce the incidence of viral hepatitis.

TL;DR: Assessing the prevalence of police sexual coercion among FSWs from two Russian cities, St. Petersburg and Orenburg, and whether riskier sex work behaviors and contexts and substance use behaviors, including both IDU and risky alcohol use, are associated with increased risk for sexual coercion from police, highlights heightened vulnerability to such violence among self-managed and substance abusing F SWs.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that becoming an overdose responder can involve taking up a new social role that has positive effects, but also confers some stress that may require additional support.

TL;DR: It is argued that even legal systems with an explicitly remedial rationale have the potential to generate harms, creating those who use drugs and 'addicts' as pathological in certain ways and thereby undermining their claims to citizenship.

TL;DR: It is difficult for Canadians to find a physician to support their application to access CTP and the barriers to access and the stigma and controversy that surround C TP and strain patient-physician relationships are revealed.

TL;DR: How SROs can operate as "mental health risk environments" in which macro-structural factors (housing policies shaping the built environment) interact with meso-level factors (social relations within Sros) and micro-level, behavioral coping strategies to impact women's mental health is explored.

TL;DR: There is a need to scale up existing environmental interventions, including supervised injection services, to minimize violence and potential drug-related risks among these highly-vulnerable PWID.

TL;DR: Assessing the evolving laws, policies and practices, as well as the attitudes of key governments officials in China, Cambodia, Vietnam and Lao PDR reveals possible improvements in respect for the rights of drug users, and on-going challenges.

TL;DR: High demand for cannabis within individual block groups and within cities is related to the location of cannabis dispensaries at a block-group level, and the relationship to low income, alcohol outlets and unincorporated areas indicates that dispensaries may open in areas that lack the resources to resist their establishment.

TL;DR: The evidence suggests a strong association between heavy episodic binge drinking and violent youth offending and issues related to a lack of engagement with alcohol harm reduction interventions have been previously overlooked and warrant further investigation.

TL;DR: It is argued that the problem of vibrant markets in 'new psychoactive substances' or 'legal highs' needs to be considered through the lens of regulation, in order to learn lessons from other sectors where more agile responses to changing markets and business innovation have often proved possible.

TL;DR: This commentary calls for an immediate dissolution of policies regulating the war on drugs as the first step in remedying the injustices experienced by Black Canadians.

TL;DR: Because most opioid overdoses occur inside the home, opioid overdose response programs can most efficiently address the epidemic by both reducing the risk of overdose in theHome and targeting those who may be in the home at the time of an overdose for overdose response training.

TL;DR: The question posited in this article is whether the conceptual shift offered by thinking about policy activity as a process of social construction may be valuable for beginning to explore different perspectives of the evidence-based drug policy endeavour.

TL;DR: Traditional approaches to the analysis of context with methods borrowed from Deleuze are contrasted to transcend structural understandings of context in order to clarify the active, local and contingent role of contexts in the mediation of what bodies do 'on' and 'with' drugs.

TL;DR: The results from this exploratory study highlight how built environment shapes risks within overlapping street-based sex work and drug scenes through the development of a novel index comprised of multiple indicators of the built environment available through publicly available data.

TL;DR: There is a clear need for interventions to prevent tik use in South Africa and to mitigate and address the impact of tik on multiple levels, including increased rates of crime, violence and corruption.

TL;DR: Investigation of the association of different aspects of peer pressure with drinking volume (DV) and risky single-occasion drinking and mediation analyses suggest that PP to misconduct constitutes a risk factor, while peer conformity and peer involvement reflect protective factors with regard to alcohol use.

TL;DR: A small reduction in injecting frequency was observed in PWID who received a diagnosis of HCV, and this finding should be investigated further in larger studies examining a wider range of injecting risk behaviours.