Showing papers in "International Journal of Drug Policy in 2018"

TL;DR: The lived experience of stigma among PWID was explored to elucidate pathways by which stigma influences health care access and utilization and illustrates the need to develop and test interventions that target drug use stigma at both structural and individual levels to minimize adverse effects on PWID health.

TL;DR: The information presented in this paper dispels the myth that the opioid epidemic is disproportionately rural, and demonstrates that the magnitude of the epidemic has varied considerably across different rural areas.

TL;DR: There is a paucity of rigorous and high-quality data on health outcomes from cannabis ROAs, especially in direct and quantifiable comparison, yet systematic data for comparative assessments are largely lacking.

TL;DR: Standardised definitions and studies with representative national samples of MSM are required to improve the understanding of the extent of Chemsex and its associated risks.

TL;DR: Policy makers should increase access to addiction medicine education, mandate insurance coverage of both medications and inpatient detoxification, prohibit excessive insurance prior authorization requirements, increase insurance reimbursement for behavioral healthcare, and incentivize interdisciplinary collaboration.

TL;DR: Young adults reported high uptake and acceptability of fentanyl test strips to detect IMF in illicit drugs and confidence in their ability to use the test strips and wanted to use them in the future.

TL;DR: The present study contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of the users' own and self-reported reasons for using NPS, which needs to be acknowledged not only to minimize drug related harm and drug user alienation but also to improve prevention efforts and reduce the potentially counter-intuitive effects of strictly prohibitive policies.

TL;DR: These results support international evidence of a chemsex culture among a subset of MSM and will be used to develop an effective response which simultaneously addresses addiction and sexual ill-health among MSM who experience harm/seek help as a consequence of engagement in chemsex.

TL;DR: The analysis of data on stimulant use for PCE in the largest global sample highlights relatively low-risk PCE use patterns except for participants with illegal stimulants and modafinil, which calls for further investigation.

TL;DR: It is suggested that incorporating the rights and the self-worth agendas with an in vivo focused contact model, might be most effective for an integrative strategy aimed at targeting opioid stigma.

TL;DR: The results of this study demonstrate the need to make information about AAS accessible to the general population and to inform health service providers about variations in motivations and associated risk behaviours.

TL;DR: Depression and anxiety was associated with: less personal support, viewing oneself as 'feminine', and being less socially engaged with gay men, and sexual risk behavior was not associated with either depression or anxiety.

TL;DR: Algorithms for identifying PWID using diagnostic codes in linked administrative data could be used for tracking the progress of programing aimed at PWID.

TL;DR: Post-legalization, researchers and policy makers may need to think in terms of a family of cannabis products, akin to how the authors think of new psychoactive substances and amphetamine-type stimulants, not a single drug "cannabis."

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the feasibility and effectiveness of drug checking as an overdose response strategy in the context of the current opioid overdose crisis in Canada and provided a theoretical and practical basis for the adaptation of drug-checking services for use in the current epidemic.

TL;DR: This study represents the first attempt to systematically document an emerging approach intended to connect opioid overdose survivors and their personal networks with harm reduction and addiction treatment services soon after a non-fatal overdose event.

TL;DR: Substance and polydrug use during sexual encounters occurred amongst sampled MSM across Europe although varying greatly between study sites, highlighting the need for innovative and multi-faceted prevention measures to reduce HIV/STI risk.

TL;DR: PWUDs' adaptations to drug using practices due to fentanyl are explored, including test shots, a consistent drug dealer, fentanyl test strips, naloxone, getting high with or near others and reducing drug use to protect from overdose.

TL;DR: The dualistic narratives of cannabis reflect the lack of a dominant narrative environment that supports the integration of cannabis into medical practice, and may in turn indicate barriers to the implementation of medical cannabis policies.

TL;DR: This work draws attention to the weak research evidence informing the use of fentanyl self-testing strips, and queries whether the accuracy of fentanyl test strips might be mediated according to situated practices of use.

TL;DR: High adherence to once-daily sofosbuvir/velpatasvir therapy among a population of people with recently injecting drug use is demonstrated, suggesting that adherence is not a significant barrier to successful DAA therapy in people with recent injectingdrug use.

TL;DR: The economics of cryptomarkets for drug dealing are consistent with Reuter's classic assessment of illegal markets and the consequences of product illegality that underlie it.

TL;DR: A high-risk injection practice that may have contributed to the rapid spread of HIV in this community is described and efforts to prevent bloodborne infections among people who inject POA need to assess for MIPIE.

TL;DR: A systematic measurement analysis of structures and trends on the most popular anonymous drug marketplace, and the role of cryptomarkets in drug distribution are discussed, suggesting that 'AlphaBay' was a Cryptomarket mainly from and for Western industrialised countries.

TL;DR: Finger-stick whole-blood collection is acceptable to people who inject drugs, with males and Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people with recent injecting drug use less likely to prefer finger-stick testing.

TL;DR: Online drug trade networks might still be heavily shaped by offline (geographic) constraints, despite their ability to provide access for end-users to large international supply, and cryptomarkets might be more "localized" and less international than thought before.

TL;DR: This study highlights the need for safe spaces where PWID can reduce their risk of overdose, likelihood of arrest and blood-borne diseases, and the dual potential of the environment in promoting health and risk.

TL;DR: This study identifies that consistent possession is a gap in the naloxone cascade, and future research is needed to understand reasons for not always carrying nAloxone.

TL;DR: Results indicated that cannabis use increased since recreational legalization for all students, but more so for those over 21 years, and influence of cannabis laws on non-resident student's decision to attend a Colorado college predicted lifetime and past 30-day use.

TL;DR: GBM in intensive sex partying networks are increasingly adding PrEP alongside other drugs they use to enhance sexual experiences, and interventions that promote the use of PrEP during chemsex could mitigate HIV risk.