Showing papers in "International Journal of Psychophysiology in 2020"

TL;DR: This guide describes best practices in using eye tracking technology for research in a variety of disciplines and provides guidance on how to select and use an eye tracker as well as selecting appropriate eye tracking measures.

TL;DR: This review shows that theta-based hippocampal binding brings together the environmentally triggered multi-modal elements of episodes or scenes, make multimodal sensory/perceptual and motor processing, facilitatory and inhibitory attention, navigation and episodic memory possible.

TL;DR: It is found that data processing choices affect not just the measured amplitude of the ERN, but also measures of internal consistency and test-retest reliability, which illustrate the importance of considering methodological influences on ERN measurement.

TL;DR: This review paper argues that a brain-based assessment of ATB, which includes different mechanistic aspects of biased attention, may provide neuromechanistic knowledge regarding the etiology and maintenance of anxiety, and potentially start identifying different targets for effective treatment.

TL;DR: This study is the first to reveal the contribution of the DLPFC FC to several distinct EF components, which gives insight into the brain mechanisms of EFs.

TL;DR: A heightened sensitivity to unpredictable threat might be a mechanism that contributes to increased anxiety in women, and the gender difference in panic symptoms was mediated by startle potentiation in anticipation of unpredictable (but not predictable) threat.

TL;DR: Daily avocado intake over 12 weeks, after controlling for covariates, improved attentional inhibition and increased serum lutein concentrations among adults with overweight and obesity, however, the cognitive benefits were independent of changes in lutenin concentrations.

TL;DR: The present study quantified the degree of selective reporting and the evidential value for a true relationship between depression and ERN and RewP using a p-curve analysis, which provides support for a relationship between these ERPs and depression.

TL;DR: Investigating whether interpersonal stress experienced over the course of a year interacts with ERN magnitude to prospectively predict anxiety symptoms suggested that enhanced performance monitoring may render individuals more susceptible to the adverse effects of interpersonal stress, thereby increasing risk for heightened anxiety.

TL;DR: Attention Bias Modification training is used with the aim to reduce the threat value of errors and thus the ERN in OCD, indicating that ABM training may be a viable intervention to reduce ERn in participants with increased error-signaling, as in OCD.

TL;DR: The present review suggests transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) as an alternative brain stimulation technique and discusses several advantages of tACS compared to rhythmic sensory stimulation for the entrainment of gamma oscillations in the human brain.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the anxiety-ERN relationship survives multiple corrections for publication bias, albeit not among all sub-types and populations of anxiety, and applies a range of methods to test for and correct publication bias.

TL;DR: Evidence that IU-related biases manifest differently depending on the physiological marker of fear and anxiety and the type of known-unknown threat is provided i.e. orbicularis oculi activity was related to generalisation across conditions, whilst corrugator supercilii activity reflected distress/relief during conditions with known threat.

TL;DR: Findings further the current understanding of the role of IU in safety-learning and -retention, informing models of IU and exposure-based treatments and preliminary evidence for promoted safety-retention in individuals with higher Inhibitory IU in the extended exposure condition.

TL;DR: The evidence that the effect of tVNS on reward discounting depends on the level of positive mood suggests that positive mood state might be a proxy of task-relevant arousal, likely influencing the effectiveness of afferent vagal stimulation on self-control processes, as temporal discounting.

TL;DR: The present study provides the first evidence that a brief motivation manipulation can enhance multiple indicators of reward responsiveness, including RewP, in an unselected sample of young adults.

TL;DR: This work simulates potential accounts of how integral and incidental affect might influence this valuation process, and provides a method by which specific predictions of such accounts can be confirmed or refuted based on empirical data.

TL;DR: A brief summary of how open science, study pre-registration and reorganization of scientific incentive structure could advance the clinical sciences is offered.

TL;DR: This feasibility study showed that transorbital ACS modifies BOLD activity to visual stimulation, which outlasts the duration of the AC stimulation, in line with earlier neurophysiological findings of increased power in EEG recordings and functional connectivity reorganization in patients with impaired vision.

TL;DR: A roadmap for harmonizing research in those areas to systematically and efficiently inform the development of generalizability/transportability trials for behavioral approaches to manage MS-related cognitive dysfunction is provided.

TL;DR: Mental processing demands are observed to be higher in the mismatch condition, when pictorial and textual information had to be processed and memorized as separate representations, compared to the match and partial-match conditions when TPI was possible.

TL;DR: Changes in neocortical activation during encoding in a subset of participants who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning both before and after training indicate that neuroplastic change in key rostral and lateral prefrontal regions mediate this behavioral change.

TL;DR: In this study, participants performed an auditory oddball task while cycling outside both in a quiet park and near a noisy roadway, and an increased N1 amplitude was observed when evoked by both standard and target tones.

TL;DR: These studies suggest that it is the affective control of emotion rather than negative affect driving greater relative right frontal asymmetry, and suggest that motivational conflicts engage effortful control.

TL;DR: Results suggest that human attachments require internalized security evolving over time to trigger a stress buffering function, and under conditions of chronic early stress, the stressful rearing context overrides the maternal safety signals, normative stressbuffering mechanisms fail, and safety-promoting mothers switch to an immature, affiliation-based mechanism that relies on maternal presence.

TL;DR: Elevated sadness in response to instructed emotion regulation in socially inhibited individuals may indicate more emotional distress during social interaction due to heightened threat sensitivity they experience.

TL;DR: Non-significant associations between ERN amplitude and symptom severity of OCD, trait anxiety, depression, social anxiety, impulsivity, eating disorders, alcohol addiction, schizotypy and apathy are found.

TL;DR: The results indicate that conditioned SCRs follow a dynamic temporal pattern that may be related to different learning dimensions, and underscore the importance of specifying CR quantification for different physiological readouts when evaluating learning performance in the context of fear acquisition and extinction.

TL;DR: There is converging evidence that positive and negative emotions differentially affect cognitive and emotional conflict processing, when the emotional stimulus dimension is or is not task-relevant.

TL;DR: The study stresses the need to provide information and tailored guidance for cancer survivors for maintaining an active lifestyle into survivorship and the importance of allocating resources for programs to encourage active lifestyles among cancer survivors.