Showing papers in "Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics in 2012"

Epigenetics and its role in male infertility

Abstract: Male infertility is a common and complex problem affecting 1 in 20 men. Despite voluminous research in this field, in many cases, the underlying causes are unknown. Epigenetic factors play an important role in male infertility and these have been studied extensively. Epigenetic modifications control a number of processes within the body, but this review will concentrate on male fertility and the consequences of aberrant epigenetic regulation/modification. Many recent studies have identified altered epigenetic profiles in sperm from men with oligozoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. During gametogenesis and germ cell maturation, germ cells undergo extensive epigenetic reprogramming that involves the establishment of sex-specific patterns in the sperm and oocytes. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic and environmental factors can have negative effects on epigenetic processes controlling implantation, placentation and fetal growth. This review provides an overview of the epigenetic processes (histone-to-protamine exchange and epigenetic reprogramming post-fertilization), aberrant epigenetic reprogramming and its association with fertility, possible risks for ART techniques, testicular cancer and the effect of environmental factors on the epigenetic processes.

Assessment and treatment of repeated implantation failure (RIF)

Abstract: Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is determined when embryos of good quality fail to implant following several in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment cycles. Implantation failure is related to either maternal factors or embryonic causes. Maternal factors include uterine anatomic abnormalities, thrombophilia, non-receptive endometrium and immunological factors. Failure of implantation due to embryonic causes is associated with either genetic abnormalities or other factors intrinsic to the embryo that impair its ability to develop in utero, to hatch and to implant. New methods of time-lapse imaging of embryos and assessment of their metabolic functions may improve selection of embryos for transfer, and subsequent outcomes for IVF patients, as well as for those diagnosed with RIF. This review discusses the various causes associated with RIF and addresses appropriate treatments.

Recommendations for fertility preservation in patients with lymphoma, leukemia, and breast cancer.

Abstract: Fertility issues should be addressed to all patients in reproductive age before cancer treatment. In men, cryopreservation of sperm should be offered to all cancer patients in reproductive age regardless of the risk of gonadal failure. In women, the recommendation of fertility preservation should be individualized based on multiple factors such as the urgency of treatment, the age of the patient, the marital status, the regimen and dosage of cancer treatment.

Time-lapse evaluation of human embryo development in single versus sequential culture media—a sibling oocyte study

Abstract: Objective To compare the dynamics of early development between embryos cultured in single and sequential media.

A randomized clinical trial comparing embryo culture in a conventional incubator with a time-lapse incubator

Abstract: Purpose Time-lapse monitoring allows for a flexible embryo evaluation and potentially provides new dynamic markers of embryo competence. Before introducing time-lapse monitoring in a clinical setting, the safety of the instrument must be properly documented. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of a commercially available time-lapse incubator.

The dynamics of the vaginal microbiome during infertility therapy with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

Abstract: Purpose To determine the vaginal microbiome in women undergoing IVF-ET and investigate correlations with clinical outcomes.

Assessment of long term endocrine function after transplantation of frozen-thawed human ovarian tissue to the heterotopic site: 10 year longitudinal follow-up study.

Abstract: Purpose To assess the longevity of ovarian grafts in five cancer patients who underwent heterotopic autotransplantation of frozen-thawed ovarian tissue.

Sperm transcriptome profiling in oligozoospermia

Abstract: Purpose Investigate in what extent sperm transcriptome of infertile men is different from that of fertile individuals.

Sperm processing by swim-up and density gradient is effective in elimination of sperm with DNA damage.

Abstract: Purpose DNA damage may occur during sperm processing, thereby negatively influencing fertilizing ability of the sperm. The present study was designed to compare the effectiveness of gradient and swim-up, either alone or in combination, to eliminate sperm with DNA damage.

Predictive value of DNA integrity analysis in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss following spontaneous conception.

Abstract: Purpose Standard semen parameters are poor predictors of fertility potential. To date, apart from, paternal karyotyping sperm factors are not evaluated in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), only recent studies have emphasized the role of sperm factors in early embryonic development as sperm transcribes genes critical for early embryonic development. Sperm DNA integrity is useful diagnostic and prognostic marker and has clinical implications in idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (iRPL) following spontaneous conception. The aim of this study was to assess DNA integrity in cases experiencing iRPL following spontaneous conception.

An introduction to infertility counseling: a guide for mental health and medical professionals.

Abstract: The practice of infertility counseling delivered by mental health and medical professionals has become more sophisticated and widespread over the past decade. This paper summarizes information presented at the second campus workshop of the Special Interest Group of Psychology and Counseling of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). This group is dedicated to improving infertility services by creating meaningful connections between mental health and medical professionals. The paper identifies key issues that infertility counselors must consider in their work with couples experiencing infertility. The use of supportive psychosocial interventions and treatments are highlighted. The paper also details the process for choosing the most appropriate type of infertility counseling, and the use of assessment tools that assist in understanding infertility related symptoms. Infertility counselors should also consider gender differences, the impact of infertility on a couple’s sexual relationship, and the unique challenges couples face regarding third-party conception. Finally, the paper addresses specific recommendations for infertility counselors in mental health and medical settings.

Isolation, identification, and culture of goat spermatogonial stem cells using c-kit and PGP9.5 markers

Abstract: Presently the techniques for making transgenic animals are cumbersome, required costly instruments and trained man-power. The ability of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) to integrate foreign genes has provided the opportunity for developing alternate methods for generation of transgenic animals. One of the big challenges in this field is development of the methods to identify and purify donor SSCs by antibody mediated cell sorting. The present study was aimed to identify goat subpopulations of SSCs using polyclonal antibodies against PGP9.5 and c-kit molecular markers as well as the growth characteristics of SSCs during short term culture. One month old goats’ testicular samples were subjected for immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical evaluations. The enzymatically isolated SSCs were cultured in DMEM plus FCS supplemented with (treatment) or without (control) growth factors (GDNF, LIF, FGF, and EGF) for 2 weeks. At the end of culture the morphological characteristics of SSCs colonies and immunocytochemical staining were evaluated. The number and size of colonies in treatment groups were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than corresponding values in controls. The presence of PGP 9.5 and c-kit antigens was confirmed in immunocytochemical evaluation. In immunocytochemical evaluation, the proportion of c-kit and PGP9.5 positive cells were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in control and treatment groups, respectively. The presence of PGP9.5 and c-kit antigens was confirmed in goat SSCs. Moreover, culture medium supplementation with growth factors could effectively retain the undifferentiation status of SSCs, reflected as a higher population of PGP9.5 positive cells, after short term culture.

Phthalates and bisphenol do not accumulate in human follicular fluid.

Abstract: Objective To determine if phthalates and bisphenol A accumulate in human follicular fluid after brief exposure to medical plastics during an IVF cycle

In-vitro maturation of human oocytes: before or after vitrification?

Abstract: Purpose This study aims to determine if in-vitro maturation (IVM) of human immature oocytes should be performed before or after vitrification.

Challenging cell phone impact on reproduction: a review.

Abstract: Purpose The radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) produced by cell phones can enhance the excitability of the brain and has recently been classified as carcinogenic. The suggested use of hands-free kits lowers the exposure to the brain, but it might theoretically increase exposure to the reproductive organs. This report summarizes the potential effects of RF-EMR on reproductive potentials in both males and females.

Leiomyoma: genetics, assisted reproduction, pregnancy and therapeutic advances

Abstract: Uterine leiomyomas are common, benign, reproductive tract tumors affecting a majority of reproductive aged women. They are associated with gynecologic morbidity and detrimentally affect reproductive potential. The etiology of leiomyomas is poorly understood and their diagnosis prior to treatment with Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) represents a management dilemma. The purpose of this paper is to review known genetic and molecular contributions to the etiologies of leiomyomas, describe their impact on ART outcomes and reproductive potential, and review alternative therapies and future directions in management. A critical review of the literature pertaining to genetic component of uterine leiomyomas, their impact on ART and pregnancy and leiomyoma therapeutics was performed. Uterine leiomyomas are characterized by complex molecular mechanisms. Their location and size determines their potential detriment to ART and reproductive function and novel therapeutic modalities are being developed. The high prevalence of uterine leiomyomas and their potential detrimental influence on ART and reproductive function warrants continued well-designed studies to ascertain their etiology, optimal treatment and novel less morbid therapies.

Abnormal DNA methylation in oocytes could be associated with a decrease in reproductive potential in old mice

Abstract: Purpose This study was designed to evaluate DNA methylation and the expression of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Dnmt3L) in metaphaseII (MII) oocytes and the DNA methylation of pre-implantation embryos during mouse aging to address whether such aging-related changes are associated with decreased reproductive potential in aged mice.

Correlation between three assay systems for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) determination.

Abstract: Purpose Analysis of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is becoming of recognized importance in reproductive medicine, but assays are not standardized. We have evaluated the correlation between the new Gen II ELISA kit (Beckman-Coutler) and the older ELISA kits by Immunotech (IOT) and Diagnostic Systems Laboratories (DSL). Methods A total of 56 archived serum samples from patients with subfertility or reproductive endocrine disorders were retrieved and assayed in duplicate using the three AMH ELISA kits . The samples covered a wide range of AMH concentrations (1.9 to 142.5 pmol/L). Results We observed good correlations between the new (AMH Gen II) and old AMH assay kits by IOT and DSL (R 2 00.971 and 0.930 respectively). The regression equations were AMH (Gen II)01.353 × AMH (IOT)+0.051 and AMH (Gen II)01.223 × AMH (DSL) – 1.270 respectively. Conclusions AMH concentrations using the Gen II kit are slightly higher than those from the IOT and DSL kits. Standardization of assay results worldwide is urgently required but this analysis facilitates the interpretation of values obtained historically and in future studies using any of the 3 assays available. Meanwhile, adapting clinical cut-offs from previously published work by direct conversion is not recommended.

Empty follicle syndrome after GnRHa triggering versus hCG triggering in COS.

Abstract: Purpose This study aimed to explore the incidence of empty follicle syndrome (EFS) in oocyte donors who had final oocyte maturation triggered with GnRHa and to compare the incidence of EFS in this group of patients with IVF patients who had final oocyte maturation with hCG.

Density gradient centrifugation before or after magnetic-activated cell sorting: which technique is more useful for clinical sperm selection?

Abstract: Purpose Although, at present, the selection of sperm prior to ICSI is based on motility and morphology, undetectable anomalies, and more importantly damaged DNA are overlooked. In this regard, novel sperm selection procedures have gained much interest. For instance, sperm has been selected by Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) based on early apoptotic marker, the externalization of phosphatidylserine (EPS). Review of the literature has revealed that the efficiency of this technique has been mainly evaluated post Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC). Therefore, there is a need to prove the efficiency of this technique independent of DGC. In addition, considering the fact that DGC induces EPS due to capacitation and acrosome reaction, therefore, the role of MACS before DGC(MACS-DGC) and MACS after DGC (DGC-MACS) should be assessed.

The effect of alpha lipoic acid on the developmental competence of mouse isolated preantral follicles.

Abstract: Purpose This study was designed to investigate the effect of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and developmental competence of cultured pre-antral follicles derived from mouse ovarian tissue.

Vitamin E effect on controlled ovarian stimulation of unexplained infertile women

Abstract: Purpose To determine Vit E effect on the treatment outcomes of women with unexplained infertility undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Fertility considerations in young women with hematological malignancies.

Abstract: The need for practice guidelines for fertility preservation in young women with hematological malignancies has been increased. To develop recommendations, publications relevant to fertility preservation and hematological cancers were identified through a PubMed database search and reviewed systematically, focusing on the effects of oncological treatments on fertility as well as on the efficacy, feasibility and risks of existing fertility preservation methods.

Value of sperm chromatin dispersion test in couples with unexplained recurrent abortion

Abstract: To evaluate and compare standard sperm parameters and sperm chromatin integrity by sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD) in ejaculates from men whose partners have a history of recurrent pregnancy loss and from control group of fertile men. Thirty couples with unexplained recurrent abortion (case group) and 30 fertile couples (control group) referring to Shiraz infertility center were included. Sperm parameters were assessed in semen samples from two groups and then staining with SCD procedure. The results were analyzed by performing ANOVA and Tukey,s tests. In control group, nucleoids with big (65.93 ± 2.35), small (12.4 ± 0.60) and without halo (11.6 ± 0.50) showed significant difference with case group (41.40 ± 1.43), (21.16 ± 1.11) and (23.26 ± 1.10) respectively. In the RPL group spermatozoa with high percentage of abnormal parameters (morphology and motility) was observed (p ≤ 0.05). This study strengthens the current literature associating sperm quality with recurrent pregnancy loss, and emphasizes the important of evaluating male factor by tests such as SCD in addition to conventional sperm parameters.

Reproductive aging is associated with decreased mitochondrial abundance and altered structure in murine oocytes

Abstract: Purpose To establish the phenotype of reproductive aging in our mouse model. To test the hypotheses that reproductive aging is associated with a decrease in mitochondrial abundance that could ultimately reflect dysfunction in oocytes.

Recommendations for fertility preservation in patients with lymphomas

Abstract: Purpose This guideline aims to serve as a reference for fertility specialists and other specialists working with young patients at risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or testicular dysfunction (TD) due to treatment of Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Addition of zinc to human ejaculate prior to cryopreservation prevents freeze-thaw-induced DNA damage and preserves sperm function

Abstract: Purpose To study the effect of addition of zinc to human semen sample prior to cryopreservation on post-thaw sperm quality and function.

Genetic screening for chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions in Chinese infertile men

Abstract: Purposes To investigate the frequency and type of both chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions and analyze their association with defective spermatogenesis in Chinese infertile men.

Proliferation of small number of human spermatogonial stem cells obtained from azoospermic patients

Abstract: Purpose This study aims to proliferate spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and compare the in-vitro effects of laminin and growth factors on the proliferation of adult human SSC.

Molecular and cytogenetic studies of 101 infertile men with microdeletions of Y chromosome in 1,306 infertile Korean men.

Abstract: Objectives To determine the prevalence of Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile Korean men with abnormal sperm counts and to assess the clinical features and frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in Korean patients with microdeletions.