Showing papers in "Journal of Psychiatric Research in 1994"

TL;DR: The CIDI is a comprehensive and fully standardized diagnostic interview designed for assessing mental disorders according to the definitions of the Diagnostic Criteria for Research of ICD-10 and DSM-III-R and was found to be appropriate for use in different kinds of settings and countries.

TL;DR: In this article, the DEX/CRH test was used to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-system (HPA) alteration in patients with psychiatric disorders.

TL;DR: Several lines of evidence support the notion that a substantial reorganization of cortical connections, involving a programmed synaptic pruning, takes place during adolescence in humans, and these models would have heuristic value and be consistent with several known facts of the schizophrenic illness.

TL;DR: Initial findings showed excellent reliability and indications of validity for both the eight-item YBC-EDS and the set of six provisional items, which demonstrated aspects of convergent validity with other assessments of eating disorder symptomatology.

TL;DR: The authors review the relevant experimental studies on pain perception in patients with anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, depression, eating disorders and personality disorders, and point out that the experimental study of pain perception is useful not only in understanding aberrant pain experiences in psychiatric disorders but also in elucidating pathophysiological mechanisms.

TL;DR: Generally good reliability for the PSRs, both inter-rater and long-term test-retest was found, and correlations with other measures of psychosocial function or anxiety symptomatology provided evidence for the external validity of the PSR as measures of psychiatric morbidity.

TL;DR: The degree to which the lower prevalence estimates of depression in the elderly are biased due to specific characteristics of the assessment strategy is examined, indicating that the complexity of the formalized questions exceeds the cognitive capacity of the elderly.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the cognitive dysfunctions of schizophrenia are associated with poorer social functioning and with reduced performance in the elemental procedures that constitute efforts to improve that functioning.

TL;DR: Analysis of clinical and research charts of schizophrenic patients admitted to the Schizophrenia Program of the University of Michigan between 1987 and 1990 suggests substance abuse may not be etiologically related to schizophrenia but influences the onset, course, and symptomatology of schizophrenia.

TL;DR: Differences between diagnostic groups on the Novelty Seeking and Persistence scales remained clearly significant when depression was partialled out and were discussed in terms of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire as a stable measure of traits with eating disorder subjects.

TL;DR: The onset of improvement in simple cognitive functions and in sleep continuity was earlier in the adjunct treatment groups, and the neurobiological symptoms were unevenly distributed, among the three groups, thus creating heterogeneity in these measures.

TL;DR: Among the three scales, the McNeil-Sjöström scale provided the most sensitive assessment of OC history for schizophrenics, and was applied to the OC histories of 70 singleton schizophrenics and 70 demographically-matched controls from the same hospital delivery series.

TL;DR: It is suggested that steroids do work to increase satisfaction with body size, and that dissatisfaction withBody size may contribute to the risk of using steroids.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that transgenic mice with impaired glucocorticoid receptor (GR) function could serve as an appropriate model to study the negative feedback disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system in affective disorders.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a subgroup of patients suffering from schizophrenia displays signs of a muscarinic receptor supersensitivity, and REM density measures more clearly differentiated patients with MDD from those with schizophrenia.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the neuroendocrinological side-effect profile of acute amisulpride administration may be similar to conventional neuroleptics, and that there are only minor dose-dependent differential effects on hormone secretion in the dose range investigated.

TL;DR: Results indicated that schizophrenics with histories of early developmental problems exhibited significantly more neuropsychological dysfunction as adults than did other schizophrenics, and they were more likely to be men.

TL;DR: The results indicated a birth-cohort effect, but no discernable period effect on age at onset of MDD; successive birth cohorts were younger when they first developed MDD even after stringent analyses were conducted.

TL;DR: When depressives and controls were combined, seasonality, but not diagnosis, predicted the emergence of manic-like symptoms, and controls treated with light demonstrated significantly higher clinician ratings of hypomanic symptoms than no-light controls.

TL;DR: Comorbidity between the two disorders was more common than expected by chance, but excess comorbidities was preferentially mediated by non-familial factors.

TL;DR: Three neuropsychological tests were administered to depressed patients and compared to scale scores for depression severity and psychomotor retardation to examine how retardation was related to cognitive performance.

TL;DR: There is great variability in the identification of caseness between different combinations of items on a screening instrument, suggesting that the use of cut-points is perhaps not as reliable as is sometimes thought.

TL;DR: Results indicate that OCs increase risk for schizophrenia, but also suggest the possibility that the impact of OCs on this risk may be affected by season of birth.

TL;DR: The non-right motor preference observed in ADHD probands was partly familial and was associated with significantly increased risk for major depressive disorder and impaired psychosocial functioning, which raises the possibility of alterations in cerebral dominance which may be implicated in the expression of specific problems in some patients with ADHD.

TL;DR: Modifications in the test administration procedure would improve the accuracy of assessment of cognitive deficits in psychiatric patients and reduce the number of false negative errors made using the screening item.

TL;DR: Data analyses are presented which indicate that depressed states and perhaps depressed mood are associated with a greater activation of the adrenomedullary system than the sympathetic nervous system.

TL;DR: It was found that communication and education effectively reduced the number of mistakes and their impact on the study over the course of the field trial, and statistical models that treat mistakes as simple independent events can be misleading.

TL;DR: A reduction in growth hormone secretion was confined to the first half of the sleep period, which persisted across the length of the maintenance study regardless of whether the subjects completed three years of therapy or experienced a recurrence.

TL;DR: There appears to be variability between clinicians in what information they use to make their decisions in the psychiatric emergency room and what percent of patients they admit.

TL;DR: Significant relationships between 5-HIAA and HVA, respectively, and height when the concentrations per minute of tapping-time (nM/min) were used as dependent variables were found and the contribution of oral contraceptives might reflect interactions in the cerebral catecholamine metabolism.