Showing papers in "Microbiological Research in 1992"

TL;DR: Wild aquatic bird populations have long been considered the natural reservoir for influenza A viruses with virus transmission from these birds seeding other avian and mammalian hosts, but recent studies in bats have suggested other reservoir species may also exist.

TL;DR: Chelators (such as EDTA, nitrilotriacetic acid, and sodium hexametaphosphate), which disintegrate the outer membrane by removing Mg2+ and Ca2+, are effective and valuable permeabilizers.

TL;DR: The recent elucidation of the three-dimensional structure of the heat-labile enterotoxin has provided an opportunity to examine and compare the correlations between structure and function of the two toxins, which may improve understanding of the disease process itself and illuminate the role of the toxin in studies of signal transduction and G-protein function.

TL;DR: The available evidence suggests that holins oligomerize to form nonspecific holes and that this hole-forming step is the regulated step in phage lysis, which is as much an essential feature of holin function as is the hole formation itself.

TL;DR: The understanding of the relevant characteristics will facilitate the direct selection and/or construction of strains which will perform under a variety of environmental conditions, and facilitate attempts aimed at the improvement of strains based on deregulating pathways or introducing traits from one strain to another.

TL;DR: Agarwal et al. as mentioned in this paper used Desulfomonile tiedjei DCB-1 as a model to understand reductive dehalogenating organisms in undefined, syntrophic anaerobic communities.

TL;DR: In this article, a range of genetic mechanisms, such as gene transfer, mutational drift, and genetic recombination and transposition, can accelerate the evolution of catabolic pathways in bacteria.

TL;DR: This review presents a description of the numerous eukaryotic protein synthesis factors and their apparent sequential utilization in the processes of initiation, elongation, and termination and the rare use of reinitiation and internal initiation.

TL;DR: Crystalline botulinum toxin type A was licensed in December 1989 by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of certain spasmodic muscle disorders following 10 or more years of experimental treatment on human volunteers and its chemical, physical, and biological properties as applied to its use in medicine are described.

TL;DR: The high frequency and widespread nature of RNA recombination indicate that this phenomenon plays a more significant role in the biology of RNA viruses than was previously recognized.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the changes are typically preceded by loss of a codon from all coding sequences in an organism or organelle, often as a result of directional mutation pressure, accompanied by Loss of the tRNA that translates the codon.

TL;DR: Genetic studies indicate that the controls of heterocyst development and nitrogenase synthesis are closely interrelated and that the expression of N2 fixation (nif) genes is regulated by pO2.

TL;DR: Secreted mycobacterial antigens are expected to be of particular significance in induction of various immune responses that are responsible for development of protective immunity in some individuals and for clinical symptoms and complications of the ensuing disease in others.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent work focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of CRP-cAMP complex-mediated processes in enteric coliforms and suggests a role for cAMP has been suggested in nitrogen fixation.

TL;DR: A number of critical regulatory proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are subject to rapid, energy-dependent proteolysis, providing a mechanism by which the availability of a protein can be limited both temporally and spatially.

TL;DR: A number of anaerobic genes that show heme-independent, oxygen-repressed expression have been identified, suggesting that there are at least two different regulatory circuitries.

TL;DR: Regulation of chromosomally determined nutrient cation and anion uptake systems shows important similarities to regulation of plasmid-determined toxic ion resistance systems that mediate the outward transport of deleterious ions.

TL;DR: The discovery in 1977 that Agrobacterium species can transfer a discrete segment of oncogenic DNA (T-DNA) to the genome of host plant cells has stimulated an intense interest in the molecular biology underlying these plant-microbe associations.

TL;DR: Data demonstrate that retrovirally encoded transcriptional trans-activators can exert a similar effect by several very different mechanisms, and posttranscriptional regulation of retroviral gene expression appears to occur via a single pathway that is probably dependent on the recruitment of a highly conserved cellular cofactor.

TL;DR: Analysis of the transcriptional repression at the silent mating-type loci of Saccharomyces cerevisiae may lend insight into heritable repression in other eukaryotes.

TL;DR: The availability of X-ray crystallographic structures of some synthetases, combined with site-directed mutagenesis, allows insights into molecular details of the extraordinary selectivity of synthetase, including the editing function.

TL;DR: Developments have significantly improved the prospects of using this system to identify molecular determinants of virulence and elucidate signal transduction pathways involved in pathogenic responses, and novel approaches are now available for extending the application of transmissible hypovirulence for management of chestnut blight and possibly other fungal diseases.

TL;DR: This review attempts to give a simplified account of the physical basis of the behavior of protein-nucleic acid complexes in gels and an overview of many of the applications in which the gel retardation technique has proved especially useful.

TL;DR: The ameliorative satellites are being assessed as biocontrol agents of virus-induced disease as well as the possible origin of satellites will be briefly considered.

TL;DR: The sexual agglutinins of the budding yeasts are cell adhesion proteins that promote aggregation of cells during mating and it is speculated that they mediate enhanced response to sex pheromones by providing a synapse at the point of cell-cell contact, at which both phersomone secretion and cell fusion occur.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the apparent stability of polyamine pools in unstressed cells is due to their being largely bound to cellular polyanions, and that allosteric feedback inhibition of ODC, if it existed, would be inappropriately responsive to changes in the small, freely diffusible polyamine pool.

TL;DR: It appears that the capability of Legionella strains to invade and multiply in host phagocytes is multifactorial and that no single moiety which is responsible for the virulence phenotype will be found.

TL;DR: Zygotes of fucoid algae have long been studied as a paradigm for cell polarity, and the chronology of cellular events associated with polarity is by now rather detailed, causal mechanisms remain obscure.

TL;DR: Besides the availability of a wide range of lambda vectors, many related techniques such as rapid isolation of lambda DNA, a high efficiency of commercially available in vitro packaging extracts, and in vitro amplification of DNA via the polymerase chain reaction have collectively contributed to lambda's becoming one of the most powerful and popular tools for molecular cloning.

TL;DR: Information available from nucleotide sequencing of rRNA places the dinoflagellates in an ancestral position to the ciliates, and the use of stop codons in mRNA is discussed in relation to phylogeny.