Showing papers in "Microbiological Research in 1993"

TL;DR: The unifying feature of all proteins that are transported out of the cytoplasm of gram-negative bacteria by the general secretory pathway is the presence of a long stretch of predominantly hydrophobic amino acids, the signal sequence.

TL;DR: A preliminary assessment of the amino acids which may be important in binding aminoglycosides was obtained from data and from the results of mutational analysis of several of the genes encoding am inoglycoside-modifying enzymes.

TL;DR: The demarcation of protist kingdoms is reviewed, a complete revised classification down to the level of subclass is provided for the kingdoms Protozoa, ArchezoA, and Chromista, and the phylogenetic basis of the revised classification is outlined.

TL;DR: The observations indicate the major challenge of preventing infection by HIV appears to involve infection with a relatively low-virulence strain that remains sensitive to the immune response, particularly to control by CD8+ cell antiviral activity.

TL;DR: The occurrence of two distinct classes of bacterial cytoplasmic repressor proteins which are homologous to two different clusters of periplasmic binding proteins suggests that the gene-splicing events which allowed functional conversion of these proteins with retention of domain structure have occurred repeatedly during evolutionary history.

TL;DR: Results of experiments are discussed within the context of experiments with other organisms in an attempt to describe the current state of understanding of these ubiquitous and important proteins.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the bacterial ABC exporter group, which currently includes over 40 systems, and describes three main groups: protein exporters, peptide exporter, and systems that transport nonprotein substrates.

TL;DR: This review focuses on four major areas of research on the fatty acid synthesis pathway of E. coli, and the genes encoding many of these proteins have been cloned, and characterization of these genes has led to a better understanding of the pathway.

TL;DR: The discovery of a new class of restriction systems that specifically cut DNA carrying the modification signature of foreign cells, and the mechanisms developed by phages to avoid the restriction systems of their hosts are described.

TL;DR: This review describes the current knowledge of the program of gene expression during sporulation and summarizes what is known about the functions of the genes that determine the specialized biochemical and morphological properties of sporulating cells.

TL;DR: Data, together with sequence comparison and complementation experiments across strain and species lines, suggest that the LPS biosynthetic enzymes may be organized into clusters on the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane which are organized around a few key membrane proteins.

TL;DR: The phycobilisome, the light-harvesting apparatus of cyanobacteria and red algae, is discussed, which allows these organisms to efficiently utilize available light energy to drive photosynthetic electron transport and CO2 fixation.

TL;DR: It is proposed that cell cycle arrest coordinated with the ability to remain viable in the absence of additional nutrients provides a good operational definition of starvation-induced stationary phase.

TL;DR: Sufficient information about the relationship of Frankia strains to other bacteria, and to each other, is now available to warrant the creation of some species based on phenotypic and genetic criteria.

TL;DR: A greater understanding of the modes of action and structure-function relationships of phospholipases C will facilitate the interpretation of studies in which these enzymes are used as membrane probes and will enhance the use of these proteins as models for eukaryotic phospholIPases C.

TL;DR: The white rot basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium completely degrades lignin and a variety of aromatic pollutants during the secondary metabolic phase of growth.

TL;DR: Comparison of the presently known export components of Bacillus species with those of Escherichia coli suggests that the mechanism of protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane is conserved among gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria differences are found in steps preceding and following the translocation process.

TL;DR: It is indicated that production of trichothecenes can enhance the severity of disease caused by Fusarium species on some plant hosts, and genetic evidence that several trICHothecene biosynthetic genes are organized in a gene cluster is discussed.

TL;DR: A scheme to categorize cellular functions is used and the occurrence in the E. coli genome of redundant pairs and groups of genes of identical or closely similar function, as well as variation in the degree of density of genetic information in different parts of the genome are discussed.

TL;DR: The reactions catalyzed by viral proteinases are not simple enzyme-substrate interactions; rather, the processing steps are highly regulated, are coordinated with other viral processes, and frequently involve the participation of other factors.

TL;DR: The significance and the origin of archaeal ether lipids is discussed in terms of the lipid composition of bacteria living in a wide variety of environments, the oxygen requirement for biosynthesis of hydrocarbon chains, and the physicochemical properties and functions of lipids as membrane constituents.

TL;DR: Further studies of this broad family of metalloproteases will provide important additional insights into the pathogenesis and structure-function relationships of enzymes and will lead to the development of products, including "designer proteins," which might be industrially and/or therapeutically useful.

TL;DR: Regulation of the Ca2+ gradient in turn modulates the properties of the actin-based component of the cytoskeleton, which then controls the extensibility, and, possibly, the synthesis of the hyphal apex.

TL;DR: Anaerobic bacteria, unlike aerobes, appear to have evolved more energy-conserving mechanisms for physiological adaptation to environmental stresses such as novel enzyme activities and stabilities and novel membrane lipid compositions and functions.

TL;DR: The results of cloning mosquitocidal toxins in heterologous microorganisms show the potential of expanding the range of susceptible mosquito species by combining several toxins of different host specificity in one cell, and the potential for increasing potency by persisting at the larval feeding zone.

TL;DR: The P4 particles are less stable to heat inactivation, unless their capsids are coated with a P4-encoded decoration protein (the psu gene product).

TL;DR: The picture of eukaryotic RNA polymerases depicted in this article emphasizes the role(s) of different polypeptide regions in interaction with other subunits, cofactors, substrates, inhibitors, or accessory transcription factors, as well as the requirement for these interactions in transcription initiation, elongation, pausing, termination, and/or enzyme assembly.

TL;DR: This monograph summarizes and correlates new information about the activities, structure, and immunogenicity of T. pallidum proteins by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, monoclonal antibody reactivity, sequence data, and other properties as the bases of polypeptide identification.

TL;DR: Meningococcal LPS play a key role in the induction of septic shock and can probably enhance the invasiveness of meningococcal strains and shield protective epitopes, so incorporation of (detoxified) LPS or oligosaccharide components derived therefrom might be very beneficial for the efficacy of a vaccine against group B meningitis.