Showing papers in "Mitochondrion in 2004"

TL;DR: NIR-LED photobiomodulation represents an innovative and non-invasive therapeutic approach for the treatment of tissue injury and disease processes in which mitochondrial dysfunction is postulated to play a role including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and Parkinson's disease.

TL;DR: Differences in the structure and function of mitochondria between normal and cancer cells are reviewed and their clinical implications are discussed, especially with regard to the use of mitochondrial biomarkers for early detection of cancer, or as unique cellular targets for novel and selective anti-cancer agents.

TL;DR: A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondria contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced MODS, and advances in understanding of the mechanisms of mitochondrial damage and in its detection could revolutionize the management of this devastating disease.

TL;DR: With a considerable understanding of post-injury mitochondrial populations, therapeutic interventions targeted to the mitochondria may delay or prevent secondary cascades that lead to long-term cell death and neurobehavioral disability.

TL;DR: regulation of MRC may be one of the signaling pathways by which NO modulates articular cartilage matrix biosynthesis and pathologic mineralization, and direct suppression of mitochondrial respiration promoted MV-mediated mineralization in chondrocytes.

TL;DR: Some of the current issues regarding mtNOS, such as its isoform identity, the availability of co-factors and substrates within the organelle, and potential physiological vs. pathological roles for the enzyme are discussed within the broader context of mitochondrial regulation by NO*.

TL;DR: Biopsies in young children with mitochondrial disease may be normal at the histological level and otherwise healthy older adults can show mitochondrial changes such as ragged red and COX-negative fibers, which is an important factor to consider in the interpretation of the sample.

TL;DR: Diagnostic criteria that integrate the results of RC enzyme assays with clinical, histological, metabolic and molecular investigations are described to determine whether the overall diagnostic certainty is possible, probable or definite.

TL;DR: It is theorized that hypoperfusion induced mitochondrial failure plays a key role in the generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative damage to brain cellular compartments, especially in the vascular endothelium and in selective population of neurons with high metabolic activity in the AD brain.

TL;DR: The novel IVF-based practice of micro-aspiration and transfer of ooplasm from younger eggs to older eggs, which includes the transfer of mitochondria, appears in preliminary studies to have some clinical efficacy in rejuvenating fertility in older women.

TL;DR: The mitochondrial pathogenesis has been believed to be due exclusively to NRTI-induced inhibition of DNA polymerase-gamma; it is now apparent that the etiology is far more complex, involving multiple mechanisms as well as an effect by HIV per se.

TL;DR: It is suggested that, a haplogroup-group association must be detected in multiple subpopulations or in a large, carefully controlled population survey to draw broad conclusions on the basis of the available evidence.

TL;DR: Mitochondrial undergo regulated fusion and division in many organisms and cell types, and each event is mediated by a different complex of proteins each containing at least one large GTPase.

TL;DR: This paper will summarize what is understood about the mechanism of photon therapy.

TL;DR: Fumarate and malate were the most useful in distinguishing patients with mitochondrial disease and organic acidemia from the pool of unselected or undiagnosed patients, although the utility was somewhat limited.

TL;DR: A case study approach is employed to highlight detection of defects in the adenine nucleotide translocator, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, fumarase, coenzyme Q function, fatty acid metabolism, and mitochondrial membrane integrity.

TL;DR: Presbycusis, the hearing loss associated with aging, may be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from the accumulation of acquired mitochondrial DNA mutations and other factors, and the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications are discussed.

TL;DR: The accurate diagnosis and classification of mitochondrial diseases are essential first steps in understanding the natural history and true health care burden imposed by these protean and devastating disorders.

TL;DR: Differences in the lab protocols are the reason for the large variation of results and since the experimental results strongly depend on the used method a strict standardization is necessary.

TL;DR: Widespread ARV medications use has heightened awareness of mitochondrial toxicity, oxidative stress, and metabolic abnormalities and stimulated more research into the related cognitive consequences of HIV-1-infected individuals, and continued research in this area could provide novel therapeutic targets.

TL;DR: In this paper, supplementing with uridine should be investigated in the prevention and treatment of lipoatrophy based on its potential to competitively attenuate the mtDNA decline caused by pyrimidine NRTIs.

TL;DR: The imaging features of the spectrum of mitochondrial diseases are described in detail and a scoring technique for recording severity and extent of brain involvement is suggested and suggested.

TL;DR: The mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining hepatocyte integrity and functions and are implicated in most liver disease and in early graft dysfunction after liver transplantation.

TL;DR: In this article, the changes in the intracellular reduction-oxidation state in mouse pancreatic acinar cells following stimulation with cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and its dependence on Ca2+ mobilization were determined by loading of cells with fura-2 and CM-H2DCF-DA, respectively.

TL;DR: Q-PCR is used to systematically assess microarray accuracy as a function of signal strength in a mouse model of mitochondrial disease, the superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) nullizygous mouse, and it is found that when spotted cDNA microarray data are filtered for quality and spot intensity, there is an excellent quantitative concordance with Q- PCR.

TL;DR: To establish whether in vivo muscle mitochondria suffer from anything other than a low concentration of O2 will require more knowledge of the mitochondrial behaviour at low PO2, and the actual cell PO2 during exercise.

TL;DR: ZnLigands were equally as effective as free Zn++ ions in the inhibition of respiration and terminal oxidation of both prostate and liver mitochondria, which supports the concept that zinc can be transferred from cytosolic donor Zn Ligands directly to zinc-binding sites of terminal oxidation components.

TL;DR: The results from these laser micro-irradiation experiments prove that local release of mitochondrial proteins does not constitute an amplifiable apoptotic signal in resting neural cells.

TL;DR: Vpr modulates MMP through direct structural and functional interactions with PTPC proteins, and cooperates with the adenine nucleotide translocator to form large conductance channels and to trigger all the hallmarks of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization.

TL;DR: In about 25% of patients referred to the center for muscle biopsy, reduced substrate oxidation rates and ATP + creatine phosphate production rates were found without any defect in complex I-V and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.