Showing papers in "Neuropsychologia in 1999"

TL;DR: The recognition of emotional facial expressions in nine subjects with bilateral amygdala damage is reported, using a sensitive and quantitative assessment, to show that the amygdala plays an important role in triggering knowledge related to threat and danger signaled by facial expressions.

TL;DR: It is concluded that non-verbal short-term memory can indeed be viewed as comprising distinct visual and spatio-sequential components and the VPT will be a useful neuropsychological instrument for measuring the visual component.

TL;DR: Three further studies are presented which support the claim that performance is crucially determined by the duration of time over which attention must be maintained on one's own actions that this demand underpins the task's relationship to everyday attentional lapses.

TL;DR: The findings of this study support an hypothesis that emotion and attention modulate both early and late stages of visual processing.

TL;DR: An extended right hemisphere network including frontal (anterior cingulate-dorsolateral cortical)-inferior parietal-thalamic and brainstem (ponto-mesencephalic tegmentum) structures was found when subjects waited for and rapidly responded to a centrally presented white dot by pressing a response key with the right-hand thumb.

TL;DR: An analysis of reports of performance on tests of working memory of patients with lesions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, focusing on published reports in the literature of simple span and delayed-response tasks, found that none of the eleven studies of forward verbal and spatial span in patients with prefrontal cortical lesions demonstrated a statistically significant deficit relative to normal controls.

TL;DR: How TMS produces transitory 'lesion' effects is outlined, how the effects of stimulation spread in depth and breadth across the cortex is examined and the principles of the use of TMS in neuropsychology are discussed.

TL;DR: Congruencies strongly support the notion that neglect and pseudoneglect are phenomena that are twin manifestations of parameter changes in a unitary set of underlying hemispheric attentional asymmetries.

TL;DR: These results are compatible with different brain networks subserving the identification of living and non-living entities and indicate a crucial role of the left fusiform gyrus in the processing of animate entities and of theleft middle temporal gyrus for tools, both from words and pictures.

TL;DR: The results of both experiments are broadly consistent with those reported by Wang and Bellugi, and support the view that working memory can be dissociated into separate subsystems.

TL;DR: The specific predictions of the model regarding the signal observed in this area were confirmed, supporting the notion that semantic memory is functionally segregated into anatomically discrete, but highly interactive, modality-specific regions.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the different tasks, while showing similar levels of perceptual asymmetry, engage distinct sets of lateralised processes.

TL;DR: The results suggest that unilateral stroke-related damage in the sensorimotor areas primarily effects the processes underlying the control and execution of motor skills but not the learning of those skills.

TL;DR: In a task contrast designed to isolate egocentric perspective transformations, participants were slower to make left-right judgments about a human figure from the figure's perspective than from their own, and this transformation led to increased cortical activity around the left parietal-temporal-occipital junction, as well as in other areas including left frontal cortex.

TL;DR: That processing of vocal emotion involves a bilaterally distributed network of brain regions and that processing of fear-related auditory stimuli involves context-specific interactions between the amygdala and other cortical and brainstem regions implicated in fear processing is demonstrated.

TL;DR: Event-related brain potentials (ERPs), recorded from a 128-sensor array were used to differentiate brain processes associated with intentional vs incidental memory retrieval and related a P600 old/new effect to the recollection of details, which was not amplified by intentional retrieval.

TL;DR: The data suggest that while simple two choice guessing depends on an extensive neural system including regions of the right lateral prefrontal cortex, activation of orbitofrontal cortex increases as the probabilistic contingencies become more complex.

TL;DR: Results support the construct validity of action fluency as an executive function measure and suggest that this task may provide some unique information not tapped by traditional executive function tasks.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used 15O-PET to measure the distribution of cerebral blood flow (CBF) with the dichotically presented consonant-vowel (CV) and musical instrument stimuli, in order to test the basic assumption of differential hemispheric involvement when stimuli presented to one ear dominate over stimuli presented in the other ear.

TL;DR: Laterality comparisons across these groups indicated that the right temporal and frontal lobe regions may make a greater contribution to the retrieval of past episodic (incident and event) memories, whereas the left temporal region is more closely involved in the lexical-semantic labelling of remote memories.

TL;DR: It was found that upright and inverted self-faces were identified more rapidly than non-self faces when subjects responded with their left hand, which in other tasks has corresponded with contralateral hemispheric dominance.

TL;DR: It was concluded that surface dyslexia is not associated with oculo-motor dysfunction and the study of eye movements in reading reveals the processing through orthography-to-phonology conversion characteristic of surface Dyslexia.

TL;DR: The human amygdala's role in recognizing emotion in prosody may not be as critical as it is for facial expressions, and that extra-amygdalar structures in right hemisphere may be more important for recognizing emotional prosody.

TL;DR: It is suggested that subjects with Parkinson's disease have the capacity to speak with normal volume provided they consciously attend to speaking loudly.

TL;DR: The direct comparison of the ERPs to correct rejections in the voice and task retrieval conditions revealed reliable differences over frontal scalp, suggesting that, irrespective of whether retrieval is successful, neural processing differs according to the source retrieval demands of the task.

TL;DR: The results suggested that impaired shift learning in HD is a result of perseverative responding, and suggest specific impairments in response selection mechanisms in HD, in particular, in overcoming selection biases based on prior reinforcement.

TL;DR: To disentangle perceptual, conceptual and motor aspects of imitation of gestures, reproduction of meaningless postures of either the hand or the fingers was examined in two conditions and patients with LBD and RBD made more errors with hand than with finger postures, compatible with the assumption that errors are caused by faulty visuoperceptual processing in RBD.

TL;DR: It is suggested that events have spatial representations in addition to their propositional counterparts of verbs and thematic roles, which may relate to functional properties of the left hemisphere.

TL;DR: Asymmetries arising from motor dominance in real movements also occurred for imagined movements, which support the hypothesis that real and imagined movements are represented within the same neurocognitive networks but suggest that asymmetries in performance related to handedness are greater for imagining movements.

TL;DR: The role of the corpus callosum versus other cerebral commissures in the interhemispheric integration of visual information was studied and bilateral comparison of more complex visual patterns resulted in considerable difficulty for complete agenesis patients, while comparison of patterns was more nearly normal when anterior callosal fibers were present.