Showing papers in "Neurotoxicology and Teratology in 2012"

TL;DR: This mini review summarises the potency of zebrafish as a model for developmental neurotoxicity screening, and its possibilities to investigate working mechanisms of toxicants.

TL;DR: Evidence of a relationship between tobacco smoke exposure in utero and reduced academic achievement and cognitive abilities independent of other variables is found and maternal smoking during pregnancy may be a modifiable risk factor for reduced cognitive abilities later in the life of the child.

TL;DR: A larger investigation with more comprehensive assessments of some of these key features will enable a more complete understanding of the relationship between preemptive morphine treatment and long-term neurocognitive, behavioral, and adaptive outcomes.

TL;DR: The results support the suggestion that zebrafish may act as an animal refining alternative for toxicity testing in rodents provided internal and external environmental stimuli are controlled.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates that MEA-coupled cortical networks are very sensitive to pharmacological manipulation of the excitatory ionotropic glutamatergic transmission and might provide sensitive endpoints to detect acute and chronic neurotoxic effects of chemicals and drugs for predictive toxicity testing.

TL;DR: The results suggested that low dose of developmental lead exposure resulted in embryonic toxicity, behavioral alteration, and adult learning/memory deficit in zebrafish.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that the effects of PME on adolescent achievement are mediated by the earlier negative effects ofPME on child characteristics, and the negative impact of these characteristics on adolescent Achievement may presage later problems in early adulthood.

TL;DR: Investigation of the neurotoxic effects of glyphosate in differentiated PC12 cells discovered that it inhibited viability of differentiated PC 12 cells in dose-and time-dependent manners, and showed that glyphosate induced cell death via autophagy pathways in addition to activating apoptotic pathways.

TL;DR: It is proposed that sub-chronic chlorpyrifos exposure interferes with the development of anxiety-related behaviors in zebrafish larvae, and provides a good starting point for examination of the molecular, cellular, developmental, and neural mechanisms that are affected by environmentally relevant concentrations of organophosphate pesticides.

TL;DR: This is the first investigation into factors that may inform an intervention strategy to reduce or reverse the cognitive deficits resulting from prenatal CPF exposure, and detects a borderline interaction between parental nurturance and child sex suggesting that, in terms of working memory, males benefit more from a nurturing environment than females.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that previously observed sexually dimorphic changes in activation of the NAC in a rat model of FASD may be due to altered input from the mPFC.

TL;DR: In the presence of elevated methylmercury exposure, PCB neurotoxicity may be difficult to detect, and PCB exposure does not explain the methylMERcury neurotoxicity previously reported in this cohort.

TL;DR: Exposed young adults with PCSE had significantly higher scores on the externalizing, internalizing, aggression, and somatic scales of the ASR, and had a higher rate of smoking and nicotine dependence.

TL;DR: Women who used MDMA during pregnancy had fewer prior births and more negative sequelae associated with their drug use, including more health, work, and social problems, and risk to the developing infant related to MDMA exposure is suggested.

TL;DR: It is suggested that reduction of 5HT during early zebrafish development may have an adverse effect on body length, notochordal morphology, locomotor behavior, and serotonin message-related expression.

TL;DR: The results show that organophosphates target the genes regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis in the developing brain and in neuronotypic cells in culture, with the pattern of vulnerability dependent on the specific stage of development.

TL;DR: Overall, it is found that there is no consistent evidence of an association between OP pesticide use and adverse NB test performance among this older sample of pesticide applicators, and several associations varied by state.

TL;DR: The results support the conclusions that perinatal exposure to BDE-47 can have neurodevelopmental consequences, and that lactational exposure represents a significant exposure risk during development.

TL;DR: It is indicated that repeated, subthreshold exposures to CPF and DFP may lead to chronic deficits in spatial learning and memory and that insecticide and alkylphosphate-based OPs may have differential effects depending on the cognitive domain evaluated.

TL;DR: Data indicate that BPA can have sex-specific effects on SDN-POA volume and that these effects manifest as larger volumes in males, which might lead to organizational changes within sexually dimorphic neuroendocrine pathways.

TL;DR: D-Met protects central nervous system tissue from acute cisplatin toxicity as a function of concentration and time, with longer pre-exposure times exhibiting better protection.

TL;DR: This study examined the relationship between neonatal exposure to Thimerosal-containing vaccine (TCV) and child development and found an adverse effect of neonatal TCV exposure for the psychomotor development index (PDI) only in the 12th and 24th months of life.

TL;DR: The data suggest that early adolescents of both sex andLate adolescent females are particularly vulnerable to the effects of ethanol, and priming with ethanol reinstated the CPP induced by the highest dose in early adolescent male and early and late adolescent female mice.

TL;DR: Mn-induced alterations in plasma, liver, and brain metabolites using liquid/gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry metabolomic analyses and corresponding Mn-induced behavior changes are identified and suggest that Mn disrupts the circadian cycle in rats.

TL;DR: The paucity of responses among same-age girls with comparable Hg exposure provides evidence of sexual dimorphism in genetic susceptibility to the adverse neurobehavioral effects of Hg in children and adolescents.

TL;DR: It is possible to identify women who are at high risk of having a child with FAS and target these women for interventions, according to population-based data from the FAS Surveillance Network.

TL;DR: The results indicated that repeated exposures to low doses of CPF may lead to spatial recall impairments, behavioral abnormalities, however, the underlying mechanism needs further investigations.

TL;DR: A new developmental neurotoxicity assay based on specific whole-mount immunostainings of primary and secondary motor neurons in zebrafish embryos is developed, demonstrating that this index can be used to reliably distinguish between neurotoxic and non-neurotoxic chemicals and provide a sound estimate for the neurodevelopmental hazard potential of a chemical.

TL;DR: The effects of daily intravenous injections of 0.15 mg/kg Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) given to pregnant dams throughout gestation are examined to suggest that prenatal THC exposure has effects on certain aspects of cognitive function in rats from weaning to adulthood.

TL;DR: Results indicate few consistent or dose-related effects resulting from developmental treatment with BPA at these doses and few of these behaviors, however, were sexually dimorphic which may prove more sensitive.