Showing papers in "Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology in 1981"

TL;DR: In vitro measurement, standardized for evaluating structure-activity relationships, shows that only 1 R,trans and1 R,cis isomers of insecticidal isomers are highly effective neurotoxins.

TL;DR: It is assumed that triadimefon and triadimenol interfere in gibberellin and sterol biosynthesis in barley seedlings by inhibiting oxidative demethylation reactions.

TL;DR: The insect growth regulator, diflubenzuron, appears to be cell specific in this species of fly in that the reduction in DNA synthesis is observed only in cells originating from the imaginal epidermal histoblasts.

TL;DR: Brain ChE activity recovered to within 2 SD of normal within 26 days after being depressed 55 to 64% and followed the model Y = a + b (log 10 X ).

TL;DR: Lower nerve sensitivity and decreased cuticular penetration are potential mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroids in house flies in the United States.

TL;DR: Results indicate that toxicity of tridemorph is caused by a specific inhibitive effect on the enzyme Δ 14 -reductase which is responsible for 14 15 double-bond reduction in sterol biosynthesis.

TL;DR: Cotton extensively N-didemethylated both CGA 43 057 and diuron to give nonphytotoxic products, an observation consistent with the greater resistance of cotton to these phenylureas.

TL;DR: Uptake and efflux of fenapanil, fenarimol, and 2,4-D illustrated the possible role that cellular binding or partitioning may play in systemic translocation in xenobiotics.

TL;DR: It was established that the resistant roaches metabolized permethrin at the same rate as the susceptible counterpart, indicating that metabolism is not a factor in resistance in this case.

TL;DR: The systemic acylalanines metalaxyl and furalaxyl proved in vitro highly selective to fungi of the order of the Peronosporales, the former being somewhat more active than the latter, and various other fungal, and bacterial, species did not show sensitivity to the toxicants.

TL;DR: In this article, the initial signs of herbicidal injury by several diphenyl ether herbicides were monitored by following the efflux of 86Rb+ from treated cucumber cotyledons after exposure to light (600 μE m−2 sec−1; measured as PAR), i.e., photosynthetically active radiation between 400 and 700 nm).

TL;DR: Induction of glutathione S -aryl transferase by phenobarbital was studied with three stains of house flies which differed in basal levels of the enzyme, showing similarities of this system to house fly microsomal oxidases.

TL;DR: The organophosphorus insecticides, parathion and azinphos (10−4 M), significantly increase the swelling rates and the extent of cell lysis and these compounds are effective in liposomes reconstituted with lipids extracted from erythrocyte membranes.

TL;DR: Evidence obtained supports the conclusion that several resistance factors are involved but that decreased sensitivity of the nervous system to the action of pyrethroids is the principal mechanism of resistance in the 147-R strain of the house fly.

TL;DR: In this article, house fly heads were tested for the presence of mucarinic acetylcholine receptors using as a probe [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), and it was suggested that these sites may be muscarinic receptors.

TL;DR: It is indicated that phenobarbital induction of susceptible flies results in the production of cytochrome P -450 with spectral and enzymatic properties resembling those of resistant flies.

TL;DR: A neurotoxicity index which combines both mortality and in vivo inhibition of the aphid AChE activity is suggested as a measure for determining the toxicity of organophosphorus and carbamate compounds toward aphids.

TL;DR: Bioassays of cabbage looper larvae rearing on broccoli or peppermint and of alfalfa loopers reared on al falfa or pepper Mint indicated that the stimulation of microsomal oxidase activity by the peppermint constituents provided increased tolerance for carbaryl and methomyl but not acephate.

TL;DR: Evidence indicates that, in locusts, CDM and DCDM, or their metabolites, act on postsynaptic aminergic (octopamine) receptors in the glandular lobe of the CC, inducing the release of hyperlipemic hormone.

TL;DR: A combination of both greater degradability and probably lower sensitivity at the action site are the main factors underlying resistance in the Third Yumenoshima strain of house flies highly resistant to insecticides.

TL;DR: Growth inhibition of mycelial pellets of Pythium splendens by the acylalanine metalaxyl appears to interfere primarily with nucleic acid synthesis in P. splendens in a quite specific way.

TL;DR: In this article, the toxicity and metabolism of endosulfan and the effect of the pesticide on the oxygen consumption and total nitrogen excretion were studied with the freshwater fish Macrognathus aculeatum.

TL;DR: In this article, the same experiments were carried out with barley seedlings, in nutrient solution containing either atrazine or humus, or both, confirm the inhibitory action of atrazINE on SO 4 2− absorption by the whole plant and the inhibition reduction by humic substances.

TL;DR: Results of the study indicated that all three pretreatments significantly altered lindane metabolism and selectively altered specific metabolic pathways.

TL;DR: Radioactive solutions of C-labeled insecticides were administered by stomach needle to fasted female mice and the amount of radioactivity determined in the gastrointestinal tract (unabsorbed) and in selected organs.

TL;DR: The rapid procedure saves significant time in microsome preparation and yields microsomal oxidase activities as good or slightly better than those prepared by usual centrifuged procedures.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of metolachloromethane on the growth of plants were investigated. But, the results were limited to two light intensities (270 and 27 μein/m2/sec).

TL;DR: In this article, the bleaching effect of 2-phenylpyridazinones substituted at the 4 or 5 position of the pyrinone moiety or at the phenyl ring (position 9) was assayed using a greening Scenedesmus mutant after its transfer from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth.