Showing papers in "Pharmacological Research in 2017"

TL;DR: This chapter examines the main mechanisms of obesity and obesity‐related hypertension and in particular the role of sympathetic nervous system, the alterations of the renal function and at the microvascular level, and depicts therole of insulin resistance as factor stimulating and potentiating the other mechanisms.

TL;DR: The impact of age on risk is so strong that young adults are unlikely to reach high‐risk levels even when they have more than one major risk factor and a clear increase in relative risk, therefore age‐adjusted models, models assessing relative risks compared to others of same age and models including thorough assessments of target organ damage and ambulatory 24 h blood pressure are needed together with national models because of the large variations between countries.

TL;DR: The roles and therapeutic implications of the vasoprotective axes of the RAS in cardiovascular, hypertensive and kidney diseases are reviewed.

TL;DR: Attention to gender specificities in the prevalence of MS should be a mandatory pre‐requisite of clinical and epidemiological research on MS and CV disease, for a better knowledge and development of health strategies.

TL;DR: An overview of promising candidates for drug repurposing in cancer is provided, as well as studies describing the biological mechanisms underlying their anti-neoplastic effects.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on curcumin's effectiveness in pulmonary diseases, including lung cancer, and to provide the perspective on future research with cur cumin so as to improve its pharmacological effects, as well as provide additional evidence of curcuron's efficacy in the treatment of pulmonary diseases.

TL;DR: Natural products from plants represent interesting candidates for AD treatment and may qualify as promising compounds for the development of derivatives providing enhanced pharmacological features.

TL;DR: MGluR knockout mouse models have been crossed to mouse models of AD and HD, providing important data about mGluRs role in neurodegenerative disease progression, and potential therapeutic targets for the development of therapies to treat neurodegenersative diseases are discussed.

TL;DR: Current strategies developed to modulate TME, including modulating tumor vasculature permeability, tumorassociated macrophage phenotypes, tumor associated fibroblasts, tumor stroma components, tumor hypoxia, and multiple interventions simultaneously are reviewed.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current understanding of AP‐1 biology and function as well as explores and discusses several natural bioactive compounds modulatingAP‐1‐associated signaling pathways for cancer prevention and intervention.

TL;DR: Substantial evidence supports the notion that cinnamaldehyde exhibits glucolipid lowering effects in diabetic animals by increasing glucose uptake and improving insulin sensitivity in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues, improving glycogen synthesis in liver, restoring pancreatic islets dysfunction, and slowing gastric emptying rates.

TL;DR: Owing to the resistance of renal cell carcinomas to cytotoxic drugs and radiation therapy, the development of these agents has greatly improved the therapeutic options in the treatment of these malignancies and clinical studies are underway to determine the optimal sequence of treatment with these anti-angiogenic agents.

TL;DR: Next generation nanotheranostics are useful for facilitating clinical translation and personalizing nanomedicine treatments by allowing for patient pre‐selection and enabling non‐invasive and quantitative assessment of targeting efficiency.

TL;DR: All natural products described in this review seem to have some benefits to improve oxidative stress, cellular inflammation and insulin‐resistance, which always remain as the “primum movens” of NAFLD pathogenesis.

TL;DR: This review focuses on in vitro, in vivo, preclinical as well as clinical data available for various natural stilbenoids and summarizes the anti‐inflammatory targets on molecular level, compares the relevance of the experimental studies, and discusses the metabolism of stil benoids and the potential activity of their metabolites.

TL;DR: An up to date overview of essential AT1 receptor signaling events and their functional significances in the cardiovascular system is summarized.

TL;DR: It is concluded that curcumin may modulate markers of HDL function, such as apo‐AI, CETP, LCAT, PON1, MPO activities and levels, and improve HDL functionality, independent of HDL‐C levels.

TL;DR: A mode of action of CBD at GABAA receptors, in particular at &agr;2‐containing receptors that may be relevant to the anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects of the compound is revealed.

TL;DR: The data have shown that antidepressant‐mediated autophagy may have a role in restoration of certain metabolic and immunological pathways in MDD patients, and therefore the monitoring of NLRP3 expression levels and/or IL‐1&bgr;/IL‐18 release may have clinical value in drug selection.

TL;DR: Certain herbal products, in particular dietetic polyphenols, have proved capable of restoring dysbiosis and, therefore, their prebiotic role could be effective in counteracting the onset of AD regardless of their activity of free radical scavenging or enhancement of the cell stress response.

TL;DR: In this review, a summary of the studies done to show the protective effects of curcumin against cisplatin failure and toxicity is provided.

TL;DR: It is suggested that catalpol ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes through acting on AMPK/NOX4/PI3K/AKT pathway.

TL;DR: Its chemistry, mechanism of action and potential benefits in the various examples of NDDs are discussed in the light of drug discovery aspects and one promising flavonod, apigenin, is presented.

TL;DR: This model of METH use may provide insight into how gut, nervous and immune systems might break down in other conditions that may also benefit from therapeutic intervention and be targeted therapeutically to protect people from the ill effects of Meth use.

TL;DR: It is suggested that 6G exerts protective effects against I/R‐induced intestinal mucosa injury by inhibiting the formation of ROS and p38 MAPK activation, providing novel insights into the mechanisms of this therapeutic candidate for the treatment of intestinal injury.

TL;DR: Different single and multistrain probiotics are described; a specific recommendation for the use of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) emerges; new information on LGG survival under amoxicillin/clavulanate therapy in children is provided.

TL;DR: The information compiled here may serve as a comprehensive reference of the protective effects of curcumin in the heart, which is significant to the further research and design ofCurcumin analogs as therapeutic options for cardiac diseases.

TL;DR: A pharmacological review of their bioactive constituents and introducing the value of these nuts as the effective supplements and natural medicinal foods in AD patients is introduced, including almond, hazelnut and walnut.

TL;DR: This meta‐analysis of RCTs suggests significant lowering effects of CoQ10 on CRP, IL‐6 and TNF‐&agr;, however, results should be interpreted with caution because of the evidence of heterogeneity and limited number of studies.

TL;DR: The presence of renin‐independent non‐canonical pathways for angiotensin II production are largely unaffected by agents inhibiting renin angiotENSin system activity, so new efforts should be directed to develop drugs that can effectively block the synthesis and/or action of intracellular angiotsin II.