Showing papers in "Pharmacology & Therapeutics in 1990"

TL;DR: An overview of ethologically-based animal models suitable for investigating the pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders and a need for a greater emphasis on animal models of anxiety with an etiological basis is presented.

TL;DR: Article de synthese traitant de l'induction enzymatique du cytochrome P450 du rat, extension a une etude interspecifique.

TL;DR: Free radical-independent cytotoxicity mechanisms, taking place in the nuclear compartment of the cell, may more likely be involved in the antitumor effect of doxorubicin.

TL;DR: Etude biochimique et pharmacologique de la famille des cytochromes P-450: sequence primaire, evolution biologique, expression genique, structure des genes, domaines de regulation.

TL;DR: La revue est centree sur la validite de ces modeles animaux, sur les informations qu'ils ont permis de produire and sur les contributions qu'they sont susceptibles d'apporter dans le futur.

TL;DR: This is a review on the mechanism of action of FUra, where three main areas are addressed: metabolism, RNA-directed actions of F Ura, and DNA- directed actions ofFUra.

TL;DR: Evidence from a variety of pathological and toxicological conditions indicate that GSH is a primary component of physiological systems to protect against oxidant and free-radical-mediated cell injury.

TL;DR: The therapeutic implications for each of the classes of drugs affected by this genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism are discussed and it is emphasized that it is difficult to attain therapeutic plasma concentrations for some drugs in high activity extensive metabolizers.

TL;DR: Article de synthese sur le cytochrome P450, sa purification et la caracterisation de ses proprietes structurales (electrophorese gel), immunologiques, metaboliques (activite enzymatique), extension a une etude interspecifique

TL;DR: This chapter reviews the two mitochondrial flavin containing isozymes of monoamine oxidase, reviewing the cloning of their cDNAs, their intra- and interspecies homology and structural inferences made from deduced amino acid sequences.

TL;DR: In principle, modification of DNA repair could have a greater impact on radiation therapy than modification of the number of lesions produced by radiation.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the present knowledge of the genetic interrelationships between the various isoenzymes, their deficiencies and the physical locations of their genes.

TL;DR: The use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists reveals an important role for 5-hydroxytryptamine in the control of disturbed behavior in the absence of effect on normal behavior.

TL;DR: Comparison of amino acid sequences of esterases and proteases shows that cholinesterase belongs to a new family of serine esterase which is different from the serine proteases.

TL;DR: The studies suggest that the olfactory bulbectomized rat is a model of depression useful to detect antidepressant drugs.

TL;DR: Five of the more important amino acid analogs are being evaluated as chemotherapeutic adjuncts to or modulators of other more toxic antineoplastic agents because of their powerful biochemical actions and their low systemic toxicities.

TL;DR: To emphasise the potential benefits of studying enantiospecific pharmacokinetics, that is, kinetics based on the measurement of the time-course of separate isomers rather than of the total, racemic drug mixture.

TL;DR: It is contention that those variables which favor the provocation of amine depletions or prevent the development of a neurochemical adaptation will increase vulnerability to behavioral disturbances.

TL;DR: Evidence suggests that some drugs, food-derived mutagens and other xenobiotics can be metabolized by gut flora and/or gut wall enzymes to reactive species which may cause tumors.

TL;DR: The pharmacology of khat and of its active constituents is summarized to describe briefly the khat habit and to summarize the pharmacological basis for the effects of this drug.

TL;DR: Both the CER and fear-potentiated startle are reduced by benzodiazepines, barbiturates and opiates and how psychoactive drugs affect these measures is reviewed.

TL;DR: The high specificities of some venom phospholipases A2 for skeletal muscle cells suggest a specific binding to certain membrane receptors; however, an enzymatic action on membranes may also be involved.

TL;DR: It has been demonstrated that stress, like anxiogenic drugs, decreases the function of GABAA receptor complex, an effect mimicked by the in vivo administration of different inhibitors of GABAergic transmission and antagonized by anxiolytic benzodiazepines.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the sudden explosion of research on potassium channel toxins that has occurred in recent years in terms of their structure, physiological and pharmacological properties, and the characterization of toxin binding sites on different subtypes of potassium ion channels.

TL;DR: Two mechanisms of vasodilation are described: effects on contractile proteins; effects on Ca2+ levels; and evidence for compartments of cAMP.

TL;DR: Ethanol is hepatotoxic through redox changes produced by the NADH generated in its oxidation via the alcohol dehydrogenase pathway, which in turn affects the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and purines, and explains increased vulnerability of the heavy drinker to industrial solvents, anesthetic agents, commonly prescribed drugs, over-the-counter analgesics, chemical carcinogens and even nutritional factors.

TL;DR: This comprehensive review of the literature has shown that the incidence of CNS side effects such as sleep disturbances, dreaming, nightmares and hallucinations following clinically accepted doses of the four beta-blockers under scrutiny is generally low and that effects on short-term memory are minimal or absent.

TL;DR: This review focuses attention on the action of potassium channel openers in vascular smooth muscle and on the possible clinical exploitation of their powerful vasorelaxant properties.

TL;DR: This review examines work done to characterize the enzyme, the cloning of plasmodial DHFR-TS genes, chromosomal mapping studies of these genes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the structural insights into the mechanism of drug resistance that have been gained by comparing genes from drug-sensitive parasites with those fromDrug-resistant strains that have arisen in the field or after experimental induction.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated by immunological methods that deficient debrisoquine hydroxylation is due to the absence of P-450IID1 protein in the livers of poor metabolizers.