Showing papers in "Placenta in 2010"

TL;DR: It is proposed the sexually dimorphic differences in growth and survival of the fetus are mediated by the sex specific function of the human placenta and it is argued that to ignore the sex of the Placenta is no longer sound scientific practice.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that nitration of proteins in the placenta including receptors, transporters, enzymes and structural proteins can alter protein and placental function and this influences fetal growth and development.

TL;DR: The role of vitamin D in placental trophoblast, pregnancy and the fetus is summarized and vitamin D metabolism and the cellular responses to vitamin D are described.

TL;DR: The present knowledge about expression, regulation and function of Wnt ligands and their frizzled receptors in murine and human endometrial and placental cell types is summarized.

TL;DR: A "U" shaped relationship between placental-to-fetal weight ratio and heart disease provides powerful evidence that placental growth-regulating processes initiate vulnerabilities for later heart disease in offspring.

TL;DR: The functional roles of leukocytes in situ remain unknown although they have been proposed to play roles in immunotolerance, regulation of trophoblast invasion and remodeling of the spiral arteries.

TL;DR: It is concluded that maternal obesity enhanced the placental inflammatory response in OB ewes at mid-gestation, possibly as a result of increased TLR4 and free fatty acids.

TL;DR: This review addresses cadherin expression and function in normal and diseased human placental tissues, especially in fetal growth restriction and pre-eclampsia where trophoblast invasion is reduced.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in spiral artery remodelling and explore other possible pathways and cellular interactions that may be involved, informed by studies in the cardiovascular field.

TL;DR: Examination of gene expression of key enzymes involved in Hcy metabolism in first trimester and term human placenta suggests that re-methylation of Hcy using methyl donation from 5-methyltetrahydrofolate is the prevalent pathway, indicating a marked reliance on folate availability.

TL;DR: The first thorough GeneChip analyses of SGHPL-5, HTR-8/SVneo, BeWo, JEG-3 and the novel ACH-3P trophoblast cells in comparison to previously analysed primary villous cytotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts revealed that EVTs most closely resemble CTBs with considerable differences to the group of choriocarcinoma cells.

TL;DR: The mechanisms employed to facilitate arterial dilatation are discussed, including recent data regarding the contribution of vascular cell apoptosis, the importance of elastin catabolism and the source of candidate elastases.

TL;DR: Reduction in placental IGF2 could be an adaptive response to restrict fetal growth in the presence of abnormal placentation or a response to poor fetal growth itself, suggesting a different etiology of IUGR in this group.

TL;DR: Results show that plasma concentration of miRNAs is regulated in pregnancy, and that FGR is associated with increased circulating miRNA levels, highlighting the need to explore plasma mi RNAs as potential biomarkers for placental diseases.

TL;DR: Maternal obesity was accompanied by decreased placental SNAT activity associated with maternal hyperleptinemia and placental leptin resistance in spite of appropriate maternal weight gain and normally grown neonates, suggesting altered placental function that may have clinical implications in obese pregnant women.

TL;DR: Interestingly, HIFs respond to a multitude of changes during pregnancy, including 1) low oxygen, 2) renin-angiotensin system (RAS), 3) cytokines, and 4) growth factors, all of which regulate placental function.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the vascular niche harbours a pool of PMSCs that can give rise to committed progenitors for tissue maintenance and repair, and that PM SCs contribute to vessel maturation and stabilization.

TL;DR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and their partner retinoid X receptor a (RXRalpha), mediate trophoblast differentiation and thus may offer insight into the pathophysiology of these diseases.

TL;DR: A novel perspective on chorioamnionitis is provided based on recent evidences from scientific literature on inflammation, apoptosis and genetics, which provides a novel perspective about the disease status preventing proper intervention.

TL;DR: It is suggested that monocyte activation in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia may be induced by STBM released by the placenta, which might lead to the excessive maternal inflammatory reaction.

TL;DR: Despite the relatively short period of placentation, it is clear that the trophoblast and the placenta it forms are as important for successful pregnancy in marsupial as in eutherian mammals.

TL;DR: In this article, the placental markers of selective birth weight discordance, with special emphasis on the choriovascular architecture, were characterized, and the authors concluded that velamentous cord insertion and uneven placental sharing are the two major placental determinants of the selective imbalance in diamniotic-monochorionic twins.

TL;DR: Evidence suggesting a critical role for the RAS in sex specific developmental programming of disease with particular reference to the immediate and long term changes in the local RAS within the kidney is explored.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that activation of the complement system is associated with the development of preeclampsia and provides new targets to prevent its complications.

TL;DR: Several TH transporters are present in the human placenta from early 1st trimester with varying patterns of expression throughout gestation, which may regulate both transplacental TH passage and TH supply to trophoblasts, which are critical for the normal development of the fetus and placentA.

TL;DR: The hCG-H test can be used to screen for Down syndrome pregnancies and predict patients likely to generate hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, and can beused to differentiate pregnancies that will miscarry and pregnancies that would go to term.

TL;DR: The average placental shape in a birth cohort is measured and the effect deviations from the average have on placental functional efficiency is measured to hypothesize that such shapes reflect deformations of placental vascular architecture, and that an abnormal placentalshape serves as a marker of maternal uteroplacental and/or fetoplacents vascular pathology of sufficiently long standing to impact placental development.

TL;DR: Down-regulation of proteins with anti-oxidant activities and altered expression of stress-response proteins might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PE.

TL;DR: Pregnancy provides a window that gives clues to modifiable risk factors that should be addressed early to ameliorate late adult disease, and placentation and trophoblast invasion and its inhibitors in other species may provide new ideas for understanding what goes wrong in human pregnancy.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of IL-8 neutralizing antibodies and CD8+ T cell or uNK cell supernatants on EVT invasion was assessed by substrate zymography or Western Blot results.