Showing papers in "Polymer Degradation and Stability in 2011"

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the development of the chemistry underlying most of today's successful and durable flame retardant treatments for fibres and textiles for cellulosic textiles is presented.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of various aspects of the PVC recycling such as recycling methods of PVC, special problems about some proposed processes, separation techniques, and recycling of mixed PVC wastes is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantified three quantifiable fire retardant effects: heat absorption through endothermic decomposition, increased heat capacity of the polymer residue, and increased capacity of gas phase through the presence of water or carbon dioxide.

TL;DR: The applicability of phosphorus-containing reactive amine, which can be used in epoxy resins both as crosslinking agent and as flame retardant, was compared in an aliphatic and an aromatic epoxy resin system as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, PET fabrics were coated with colloidal silica nanoparticles using layer-by-layer assembly, and five bilayers of positively and negatively charged colloidal particles were used to improve flame retardant properties of textile fabric.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared home and industrial composting, anaerobic digestion and incineration, and found that home composting is roughly equal to incineration with energy recovery in terms of carbon and energy footprint when carbon credits are considered.

TL;DR: In this article, the real durability of olefin polymers may be much shorter than centuries, as in less than one year the mechanical properties of all samples decreased virtually to zero, as a consequence of severe oxidative degradation, that resulted in substantial reduction in molar mass accompanied by a significant increase in content of carbonyl groups.

TL;DR: In this article, the pyrolysis and fire behavior of a phosphorus polyester (PET-P-DOPO) have been investigated and three different mechanisms (flame inhibition, charring and a protection effect by the intumescent char) contribute to the flame retardancy in PET-P, and were quantified with respect to different fire risks.

TL;DR: In this article, two cellulose fibers, Eucalyptus grandis (CEG) and Pinus taeda (CPT), obtained through the kraft and sulfite pulping processes, respectively, were characterized.

TL;DR: In this article, a novel flame retardant additive hexa-(phosphaphenanthrene -hydroxyl-methyl-phenoxyl)-cyclotriphosphazene (HAP-DOPO) with phosphazene and phosphaphenthrene double functional groups has been synthesized from hexa-chloro-cyclotrienes, 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphhenrene 10-oxide(DopO).

TL;DR: In this article, the pyrolysis and fire behavior of epoxy resin composites based on a novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10oxide (DOPO-POSS) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) have been investigated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of flame retardant epoxy resins (EP) was prepared with a novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10phosphaphenanthrene-10oxide (DOPO-POSS).

TL;DR: In this paper, the glycolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was studied using several ionic liquids and basic ionic liquid as catalysts, and the results showed a strong influence of the mixture evolution of temperature and reaction time on depolymerization of PET.

TL;DR: In this paper, a synergistic effect was observed between expandable graphite (EG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on flame retarded polylactide (PLA) using limiting oxygen index (LOI), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) and cone calorimeter tests etc.

TL;DR: Ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by melt blending and extrusion in a twin-screw extruder as mentioned in this paper, where the surface modification of APP by the coupling agent decreased its water solubility and its interface compatibility with the PP matrix.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of HNTs dispersion on polyamide 12 (PA12) nanocomposites was analyzed using morphological analysis (SEM and TEM) combined with rheological and thermo- mechanical experiments and the linear viscoelastic properties and the dynamic storage modulus were expectedly found to increase with increasing HNT loading.

TL;DR: One symmetric diamine and two symmetric phenols (5 ) and (6 ) were synthesized as phosphorus-containing flame retardants as discussed by the authors, and they served as co-curing agents of diaminodiphenylmethane for epoxy resins, and epoxy thermosets exhibited excellent flame retardancy, moderate changes in glass transition temperature (T g ) and thermal stability.

TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of PLA and its nanocomposite films based on modified montmorillonite (CLO30B) or fluorohectorite (SOM MEE) and unmodified sepiolite (SEPS9) were processed at a clay loading of 5% and hydrolytically degraded at 37 and 58°C in a pH 7.0 phosphate-buffered solution.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of coextruding a clear HDPE cap layer onto wood-flour composites has been examined and shown to reduce the discoloration of co-extruded composites exposed to accelerated UV tests.

TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid organic-inorganic silica thin film was used to provide cotton fabrics with flame retardant properties and to investigate the films' influence on the thermal and burning behavior of the treated samples.

TL;DR: In this article, a thermal treatment of Eucalyptus wood fibres was used to enhance the dimensional stability of flat-pressed wood plastic composites (WPCs) by a thermal-treatment method.

TL;DR: In this paper, an intrinsically flame-retardant calcium alginate fiber was prepared by wet spinning and its pyrolysis products and thermal degradation mechanism was studied using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry.

TL;DR: In this article, decomposition/pyrolysis studies of polyurethane (PU) rigid foams containing phosphinate, phosphonate or phosphate as flame retardant were performed to study the effect of phosphorus oxidation state on their gas and/or solid phase action.

TL;DR: In this article, different series of HDPE nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing on a Haake-Buchler Reomixer, containing 2.5 wt% of multiwall carbon nanotubes, pristine and modified montmorillonite, and SiO 2 nanoparticles.

TL;DR: In this article, a two-stage reaction process was used to convert polypropylene (PP) into multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and hydrogen-rich gas.

TL;DR: In this paper, the acidity of two lignin model compounds, guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyls ether and veratryl glycerol -β-guanic acid, was measured using 3-nitroaniline as an indicator to measure Hammett acidity.

TL;DR: In this paper, a study on the efficiency of bio-based compounds as stabilizers for polypropylene (PP) is reported, where a water extract from French maritime pine bark (Pycnogenol®), a byproduct containing polyphenols obtained from wine production, and a carotenoid-containing oleoresin from processing of tomatoes were used.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the flammability and fire behavior of PEEK and its composites using thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry, limiting oxygen index, a vertical flame resistance test, and fire (cone) calorimate.

TL;DR: Results imply that examined 3 aliphatic polyesters are degradable also at deep sea though the degradation rates would vary with the material structures.

TL;DR: In this article, three types of compatibilizers were used: poly(styreneg-acrylonitrile)-maleic anhydride (SAN-g-MAH), poly(ethylene-co-octene) rubber-maleic ANH (EOR)-MAH, and poly (ethylene co-glycidyl methacrylate) (EGMA).