Showing papers in "Progress in Lipid Research in 2011"

TL;DR: This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the enzymes and regulatory processes governing lipolysis of fat stores in adipose and non-adipose tissues and special emphasis will be given to ATGL, its regulation, and physiological function.

TL;DR: This review focuses on current understanding of the emerging biological functions of PLA₂s and related enzymes, which evolved along with eicosanoid receptors when vertebrates first appeared.

TL;DR: There is emerging evidence that lipid endocannabinoid signaling through cannabinoid 2 (CB₂) receptors may represent an example/part of such a protective system/armamentarium against non-protein attacks.

TL;DR: Evidence for pharmacological responses and the mechanism of action of each of the n-3 fatty acid trio will be discussed for the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome, especially adiposity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes, hypertension, oxidative stress, and inflammation.

TL;DR: An understanding of cholesterol metabolism in the brain and its role in disease requires a close look at individual cell types, including neurons and astrocytes, which are identified as net producers and consumers of cholesterol.

TL;DR: A clear understanding of macrophage foam cell biology will hopefully enable novel foam cell targeting therapies to be developed for use in the clinical intervention of atherosclerosis.

TL;DR: This review will collate the bioactive lipid research to date and summarise the findings in terms of the major pathways involved in their biosynthesis and their role in inflammation and its resolution.

TL;DR: Considering the numerous other promising vitamins and minerals that when properly tested have been disappointing, one should wait for the results of forthcoming vitamin D intervention studies before drawing conclusions on potential beneficial effects of vitamin D.

TL;DR: N-3 DPA may have a role in attenuating age-related decrease in spatial learning and long-term potentiation and more research remains to be done to further investigate the biological effects of this n-3 VLCPUFA.

TL;DR: Selective inhibitors of the different lipoxygenase isoforms are an active area of investigation, and will be both an important research tool and a promising therapeutic target for treating a wide spectrum of human diseases.

TL;DR: Apolipoprotein (apo) E is described through a lens of structure-based knowledge that leads to hypotheses that attempt to explain the functions of apoE and isoform-specific effects relating to disease mechanism.

TL;DR: The general features of HMGR regulation, including a requirement for the HMGR-binding protein Insig, are remarkably conserved between mammals and ascomycetous fungi, including S. cerevisiae and S. pombe.

TL;DR: The key features of the processes contributing to phospholipid homeostasis in mammalian cells are reviewed, with a particular emphasis on the regulation and coordination of biosynthesis and degradation.

TL;DR: The putative or identified proteins participating in the intestinal uptake, intracellular transport and basolateral secretion of these fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids are focused on, and the uncertainties that need to be explored in the future are outlined.

TL;DR: The search for a specific modulating enzyme able to shift the metabolic pathway towards a neuroprotective role as well as a better knowledge about how lipid dietary modulation may act to slow the neurodegenerative processes, represent an essential step to delay the onset of AD and its progression.

TL;DR: Results from in vitro binding assays show that their corresponding recombinant proteins exhibit differential binding affinities to acyl-CoA esters and phospholipids, implying that these ACBPs may have non-redundant biological functions in vivo.

TL;DR: Although it is tempting to speculate that the osteoarthritic chondrocyte has been transformed to foam cell, it has not been proven yet, this may be an intriguing theory linking ATH and OA, which may open new avenues to novel therapeutic interventions for OA taking advantage of previous knowledge from ATH.

TL;DR: This review examines the recent progress describing the mechanisms of structural remodeling of mammalian GPI-anchors, such as inositol deacylation, glycan remodeling and fatty acid remodeling, with particular focus on their trafficking and functions, as well as the pathogenesis involving G PI-APs and their deficiency.

TL;DR: Resolvins provide mechanisms for cytoprotection of host tissues to the potentially detrimental effects of unresolved inflammation and the impact of these stereospecific molecules on the resolution of pulmonary inflammation and tissue catabasis is highlighted.

TL;DR: It is concluded that despite a substantial progress in the area of Meibomian glands lipidomics, there are large areas of uncertainty that need to be addressed in future experiments.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent research defining the mechanism for SQDG biosynthesis and its biological function in higher plants, particularly under phosphate-starved conditions.

TL;DR: From data analysis, the following effects of exercise have emerged and it seems that significant amounts of F₂-IsoP can be produced not only from phospholipids but from neutral lipids as well.

TL;DR: Mechanistic studies indicate that sphingolipids regulate particular gene expression by modulating phosphorylation and acetylation of proteins that serve as transcription factors, repressor of transcription, and regulators in RNA splicing.

TL;DR: This review will summarize the available evidence relating to the oral and GI regulation of fat intake and how chemoreception at both locations is associated with digestive behavior, satiety and weight regulation.

TL;DR: A review of the current literature on the biogenesis of ABC transporters is provided and their proposed functions in atheroprotection are highlighted.

TL;DR: The research potential of the fruit fly model is discussed with respect to the prevailing general questions in lipid droplet biology, and the role of lipid droplets in fat storage homeostasis, the control of lipid Droplets structure, the lipid Droplet surface as a dynamic protein-association platform, and lipid droppers as mobile organelles are discussed.

TL;DR: Progress made in the last decade towards a better understanding of the pathways regulating plant galactolipid biosynthesis is reviewed.

TL;DR: The lysosomal phospholipase A (LPLA) was identified from MDCK cell homogenates with broad specificity toward glycerophospholipids as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Interestingly, the lipid composition of ROS membranes not only differs from that of the photoreceptor plasma membrane but is critical for visual transduction, and lipids can modulate structural changes in rhodopsin that occur after photoactivation and influence binding of transducin.

TL;DR: The molecular mechanism by which these lipids control exocytosis and how minute changes in their metabolism can have devastating effects in the nervous system and lead to neurodegeneration are summarised.