Showing papers in "Survey of Ophthalmology in 2020"

TL;DR: Treatments for meibomian gland dysfunction include antibiotics, non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, essential fatty acid supplementation, hormone therapy, and control of Demodex infestation.

TL;DR: The propensity of different steroids to increase the intraocular pressure, the role of different routes of steroid administration, dosage and duration of treatment, as well as the clinical features, genetic and management of SIG are explored.

TL;DR: An update of interest to ophthalmologists regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, investigative procedures, and treatment options of primary Sjögren syndrome is provided.

TL;DR: Because there are crucial differences in treatment and prognosis between MS, AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD, and MOGAD, ophthalmologists should be aware of these new biomarkers of optic neuritis and incorporate their testing in all patients with atypical optic nerveitis.

TL;DR: The clinical manifestations of diabetic keratopathy are summarized and available treatments and up to date research studies are discussed in an attempt to provide a thorough overview of the disorder.

TL;DR: Improvements in imaging technology make it possible to non-invasively detect CME even prior to a clinically significant decrease in central vision, and the potential role of ocular surgery and topical glaucoma medication in increasing the risk of CME is summarized.

TL;DR: Awareness of this ominous side effect, its risk factors, and the need for prompt action once diagnosed, including NSAID discontinuation, will help mitigate the risk of NICM.

TL;DR: The various uses of smartphones in ophthalmology are presented, including measures of visual acuity, tools to assist in the assessment and treatment of conditions such as amblyopia and glaucoma, as well as add-on devices that allow visualization and photography of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.

TL;DR: Advances in care of preterm children and those with HIE may in future reduce the incidence of this disorder, and various methods of visual stimulation and stem cells have been advocated as treatment for pediatric CVI.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of macular SD-OCT imaging emerging as an essential diagnostic tool in glaucoma is presented.

TL;DR: The current understanding of FUS is discussed from its clinical presentations through recommended management and a comprehensive description and the updated knowledge of its pathophysiology are provided.

TL;DR: Descemet membrane detachment is a potential vision-threatening complication that occurs most commonly after cataract surgery and Descemetopexy is the gold standard for the management.

TL;DR: The different imaging modalities for epithelium measurement, epithelial remodeling patterns in ectatic disorders and after corneal refractive surgery are highlighted, utility of epithelial measurement in therapeuticRefractive surgery planning is discussed, and controversies that exist regarding epithelial renovation are discussed.

TL;DR: This is the first review that summarizes current knowledge on the relationship between choroidal thickness and cardiovascular diseases while highlighting important findings.

TL;DR: This review deals with the standard and newly discovered AH outflow routes, with particular attention to the importance they may have in opening new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.

TL;DR: D disorders of mitochondrial metabolism relevant to an ophthalmologist are focused, including approaches to its diagnosis and most current management guidelines, which are reviewed in detail.

TL;DR: A substantial body of literature has accumulated suggesting low ICP may be a risk factor for the development of glaucomatous optic disc cupping within the context of the TLPD and posterior scleral biomechanics.

TL;DR: This work examines current evidence in the field of IOP measurement and control - with a focus on 24-hour (circadian) study design and measurement techniques and the 24- hour efficacy of current treatments - in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension, and provides recommendations for the design of future studies of circadian IOP.

TL;DR: The anatomy and physiology of trabecular and suprachoroidal outflow that is of relevance to micro-invasive glaucoma surgery surgeons are reviewed.

TL;DR: RP1L1 appears to have a complex relationship with other photoreceptor proteins and may modify disease phenotype, and further exploration of the relationship between RP1L 1, other cilium components and their impact on Photoreceptor health is needed.

TL;DR: The management of uveitic glaucoma (UG) needs a careful combination between anti-inflammatory therapy and appropriate IOP-lowering drugs to prevent worsening of condition and long-term visual loss.

TL;DR: It is hoped that, while there is marginalization of ophthalmology training, these strategies can be used to further improve teaching and learning in the limited time available in medical curricula and provide an impetus for further research and innovations in teaching ophthalmic medical student education.

TL;DR: Clinically relevant perspectives on expectations of PCNSL manifestation in both ocular and non-ocular CNS compartments would help inform management practices in each specialty, which should impact clinical outcomes.

TL;DR: The specifics of how diabetes mellitus impacts the corneal endothelium including alterations in cell morphology, cell density, ultrastructure, pump and barrier function, cataract surgery outcomes, andCorneal transplant outcomes are discussed with attention to the use of diabetic donor tissue and diabetic transplant recipients.

TL;DR: A broad spectrum of trauma-related mechanisms of intraocular pressure elevation, as well as their management are discussed, including those associated with glaucoma.

TL;DR: This work summarizes the consensus guidelines for intravitreal injection technique and comprehensively review the literature on prevention of post-injection endophthalmitis.

TL;DR: Overall, analysis procedures based on series of at least 5 to 6 examinations that require confirmation and persistence of changes, that are guided by the pattern and shape of the glaucomatous visual field deficits, and that are consistent with structural defects provide the best clinical performance.

TL;DR: A large tumor size and positive lymph node status correlate with a decreased overall- and disease-free survival.

TL;DR: Though uncommon, multiple OCT- based signs are reported that may be difficult to appreciate clinically, and certain OCT-based features involving the choroid, such as prechoridal cleft, choroidal cavern, have also been found in eyes with AMD.

TL;DR: Although the use of lamellar grafts is increasing in adults, their relatively slower adoption in pediatric population is attributable to the steep learning curve and lack of long-term follow up data.