Showing papers in "Technological and Economic Development of Economy in 2013"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the uncertain multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems in which the attributes and experts are in different priority level and developed some prioritized aggregation operators for aggregating uncertain information.
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the uncertain multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems in which the attributes and experts are in different priority level. Motivated by the idea of prioritized aggregation operators (Yager 2008), we develop some prioritized aggregation operators for aggregating uncertain information, and then apply them to develop some models for uncertain multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems in which the attributes and experts are in different priority level. Finally, a practical example about talent introduction is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
126 citations
TL;DR: A novel hybrid MADM method is proposed for agile supplier selection based on four criteria including performance, cost, flexibility and technology, including step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) are applied in decision-making process.
Abstract: The concept of the agile supply chain has been taken into account as means of achieving a high competitive edge in rapidly changing business environments. Supply partner selection is one of the most appealing issues for agile supply chain management, which have recently been studied by academicians and practitioners. Due to a large number of factors to be considered, supplier selection process is a difficult task for every company. Therefore, supplier selection process can be viewed as a multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) problem. In this paper, a novel hybrid MADM method is proposed for agile supplier selection based on four criteria including performance, cost, flexibility and technology. Two MADM methods, including step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) are applied in decision-making process. More precisely, SWARA is used for determining the importance of each criterion and calculating their weights and VIKOR i...
121 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the renewable energy alternatives as a key way for resolving the Turkey's energy-related challenges because of the fact that Turkey's consumption has risen dramatically over the past three decades as a consequence of economic and social development.
Abstract: Energy is a critical foundation for economic growth and social progress. It is estimated that 70% of the world energy consumption could be provided from renewable resources by the year 2050. Renewable energy is the inevitable choice for sustainable economic growth, for the harmonious coexistence of human and environment as well as for the sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the renewable energy alternatives as a key way for resolving the Turkey's energy-related challenges because of the fact that Turkey's energy consumption has risen dramatically over the past three decades as a consequence of economic and social development. In order to realize this aim, we comparatively use MACBETH and AHP-based multicriteria methods for the evaluation of renewable energy alternatives under fuzziness. We use 4 main attributes and 15 sub-attributes in the evaluation. The potential renewable energy alternatives in Turkey are determined as Solar, Wind, Hydropower, and Geothermal.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the results of a study about sustainable construction practices currently implemented by construction companies and discuss the level of awareness and knowledge, barriers and drivers of sustainable construction that were found in building and infrastructure construction companies.
Abstract: The socio-economic conditions of a country and the overall practices of the construction industry towards Sustainable Construction (SC) are critical factors to define the foundations for developing and carrying out a strategic plan to advance in sustainable construction. This paper reports the results of a study about SC practices currently implemented by construction companies and discusses the level of awareness and knowledge, barriers and drivers of SC that were found in building and infrastructure construction companies. In addition, it analyses the influence of the company size on SC practices. Research results show that Chilean construction firms are in an early stage of the path for achieving SC. Their practices towards SC are highly dependent of the company's size and its core business. Main barriers towards SC are the lack of financial incentives, lack of integrated design, and affordability whereas company's tax reduction incentives related to the level of investment effort on SC would ...
115 citations
TL;DR: This paper suggests an extended form of the COPRAS method used for group decision making problems in an uncertain environment where such uncertainty is captured through a generalized form of fuzzy sets - the so called interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets.
Abstract: Multi-criteria decision making is an implicational field that concerns with selecting or designing the best scenarios among a finite set of scenarios based on a finite set of criteria. Different methods and techniques for handling this issue have been proposed. Complex proportional assessment is an analytical tool for solving multi-criteria decision making problems. Originally, the COPRAS method has been developed for decision making under a deterministic environment. Since uncertainty is an unavoidable property of decision making due to a lack of knowledge, this paper suggests an extended form of the COPRAS method used for group decision making problems in an uncertain environment where such uncertainty is captured through a generalized form of fuzzy sets - the so called interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. An algorithmic scheme for the COPRAS-IVIF method has been introduced thus examining its application with reference to two numerical examples. It seems that the recommended framework of ...
103 citations
TL;DR: Information fusion/aggregation, such as fuzzy integrals, basically, a non-additive/super- additive model, has been developed for performance aggregation to overcome the defects of the conventional MADM method.
Abstract: A typical multiple attribute decision making (MADM) model is a scientific analytical model for evaluating and improving a set of alternatives based on multiple criteria However, this study identified some important new concepts and limitations/defects of traditional MADM for solving the real-world problems First, the traditional MADM model assumes that criteria considered are independent and hierarchical in structure; however, the real-world problems often involve interdependent criteria, and thus interdependent models are required Second, relatively good solutions from existing alternatives are replaced by the aspiration levels Third, the trend has shifted from how to “rank” or “select” the most preferable alternatives, to how to “improve” their performances Fourth, information fusion/aggregation, such as fuzzy integrals, basically, a non-additive/super-additive model, has been developed for performance aggregation Therefore, to overcome the defects of the conventional MADM method and solve
88 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified the degree of project delay in 220 traditional and 96 green construction projects performed in Singapore, and a set of factors affecting project delay was identified based on various literatures to determine the most influential factors for both green and traditional projects.
Abstract: Despite the heighten focus on environmental sustainability for green construction, rare research has been conducted to analyze such projects, especially in the aspect of their schedule delay and causal factors. Conducting a survey in which 30 companies in the Singapore construction industry participated, this study first identified the degree of project delay in 220 traditional and 96 green construction projects performed in Singapore. Next, a set of factors affecting project delay was identified based on various literatures to determine the most influential factors for both green and traditional projects. The analysis result established that 15.91% of the traditional projects were delayed while 32.29% of the green construction projects were completed behind schedule. Furthermore, the top 5 factors causing delay in green projects were: (1) speed of decision making by client; (2) speed of decision making involving all project teams; (3) communication/coordination between key parties; (4) level of ...
65 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the multi-criteria group decision making problems where there exists a prioritization relationship over the criteria and decision makers and proposed two operators under intuitionistic fuzzy environment.
Abstract: Intuitionistic fuzzy set is a very useful tool to depict uncertainty. Lots of multi-criteria group decision making methods under intuitionistic fuzzy environment have been developed. Current methods are under the assumption that the criteria and the decision makers are at the same priority level. However, in real group decision making problems, criteria and decision makers have different priority level commonly. In this paper, multi-criteria group decision making problems where there exists a prioritization relationship over the criteria and decision makers are studied. First, the intuitionistic fuzzy prioritized weighted average (IFPWA) and the intuitionistic fuzzy prioritized weighted geometric (IFPWG) operators are proposed. Then, some of their desirable properties are investigated in detail. Furthermore, the procedure of multi-criteria group decision making based on the proposed operators is given under intuitionistic fuzzy environment. Finally, a practical example about talent introduction i...
58 citations
TL;DR: Several new concepts and trends in multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) for solving actual problems, as proposed by Professor Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng are introduced.
Abstract: This article introduces several new concepts and trends in multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) for solving actual problems, as proposed by Professor Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng. These new concepts are as follows: (1) interdependency in real-world problems; (2) replacing the relative good solution from the existing alternatives using aspiration levels; (3) shifting from ranking and selection to performance improvement; (4) information fusion/aggregation; and (5) changeable decision spaces. To honor Prof. Tzeng's contribution in the MCDM field and to commemorate his 70th birthday, this article also highlights his research career in MCDM and some publication list in the past 10 years.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, power aggregation operators for aggregating triangular fuzzy information are developed and then applied in order to develop some models for multiple attribute group decision making with triangular information, and illustrative examples are given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
Abstract: The article investigates the multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems in which the attribute values take the form of triangular fuzzy information. Motivated by the ideal of power aggregation, in this paper some power aggregation operators for aggregating triangular fuzzy information are developed and then applied in order to develop some models for multiple attribute group decision making with triangular fuzzy information. Finally, some illustrative examples are given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
46 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a novel method based on the interval grey linguistic variables hybrid weighted harmonic aggregation operators to solve the multiple attribute group decision making problems in which the attribute values and the weights take the form of the interval gray linguistic variables.
Abstract: With respect to the characteristics of fuzziness, complexity and uncertainty for many group-decision making problems in real world, the paper proposes a novel method based on the interval grey linguistic variables hybrid weighted harmonic aggregation operators to solve the multiple attribute group decision making problems in which the attribute values and the weights take the form of the interval grey linguistic variables. In the approach, the relative concepts and the operation rules of interval grey linguistic variables are defined, and some operators (such as interval grey linguistic weighted harmonic aggregation (IGLWHA) operator, interval grey linguistic ordered weighted harmonic aggregation (IGLOWHA) operator, and interval grey linguistic hybrid weighted harmonic aggregation (IGLHWHA) operator) are proposed to solve the group decision making problems. The computational results from an illustrative example have shown that the proposed approach is feasible and effective for the group-decision ...
TL;DR: The main criterion taken into consideration when choosing a contractor is the bid price that the contractor suggests and the basis for determining such a price are the direct costs connected with works realization as well as mark-ups, mainly overhead costs and profit as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The main criterion taken into consideration when choosing a contractor is the bid price that the contractor suggests. The basis for determining such a price are the direct costs connected with works realization as well as mark-ups, mainly overhead costs and profit. Overhead costs and profit constitute a considerable part of the bid price and their improper calculation can significantly influence the financial situation of the company. In literature and in practice one can find many definitions and ways of determining overhead costs and profit. The article presents research results concerning defining and calculating overhead costs and profit by Polish contractors, carried out twice – in 2004 and 2010. They were compared with similar studies performed in other countries. The article also presents mathematical methods created by the authors, by means of which overhead costs and profit can be calculated more precisely than by the popular methods commonly employed by Polish contractors.
TL;DR: The concept of scenario method, its evolution, the state of the art of the Polish foresight studies and the critical analysis of the application of this method have been presented.
Abstract: The aim of the article is to present the diagnosis of scenario method application in the Polish foresight initiatives. The concept of scenario method, its evolution, the state of the art of the Polish foresight studies and the critical analysis of the application of this method have been presented. From the questionnaire results the authors have identified (i) the approach used in scenario construction, (ii) the most important phases of scenario construction, (iii) the interconnection of scenario method with other methods of scenario construction, (iv) the profile of experts involved in foresight projects, (v) the profile of experts involved in scenario construction, (vi) the application of the triangulation principle in scenario construction, (vii) the application of wild cards in scenario construction and techniques to identify them, (viii) the average time of scenario construction process, (ix) the linkage of scenarios to other documents, (x) the number of scenarios elaborated upon, and (xi) th...
TL;DR: An approach to multiple attribute decision making problems with correlative weights which attribute values are given in terms of interval grey linguistic variables information based on those operators is developed.
Abstract: With respect to multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems in which attribute values take the form of interval grey linguistic variables, a new decision making analysis method is developed. In this paper, we propose the interval grey linguistic variables ordered weighted aggregation (IGLOWA) operator, and then use the Choquet integral to develop the interval grey linguistic correlated ordered arithmetic aggregation (IGLCOA) operator and the interval grey linguistic correlated ordered geometric aggregation (IGLCOGA) operator. Those operators not only consider the importance of the elements, but also can reflect the correlations among the elements. Then, we develop an approach to multiple attribute decision making problems with correlative weights which attribute values are given in terms of interval grey linguistic variables information based on those operators. Finally an illustrative example is given to use the method in the range of uncertain multiple attribute decision making. The resu...
TL;DR: A fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to take multiple criteria into account and to handle vague and incomplete data and a sensitivity analysis based on different scenarios of experts’ preferences is given.
Abstract: Higher education refers to a level of education that is provided at academies, universities, colleges, seminaries, institutes of technology, and certain other collegiate-level institutions. Government investment policy should be concerned with the marginal rate of return when deciding on whether to increase their expenditure on higher education. Government investment in higher education is a decision making problem, which includes multiple and conflicting criteria. We use fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to take these criteria into account and to handle vague and incomplete data. We also use fuzzy TOPSIS to compare the results of AHP. A case study for Turkey is realized. In this case study, our multi-criteria decision model evaluates three possible higher education investment alternatives. A sensitivity analysis based on different scenarios of experts’ preferences is also given.
TL;DR: A new simple to use and efficient MCEQLS TFN (Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers) method for the expert evaluation of the quality and reusability of learning objects (LOs) is presented.
Abstract: The aim of the paper is to present a new simple to use and efficient MCEQLS (Multiple Criteria Evaluation of the Quality of Learning Software) TFN (Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers) method for the expert evaluation of the quality and reusability of learning objects (LOs). MCEQLS and TFN methods are analysed, improved, and practically applied to present the decision analysis process for selecting LOs suitable to reuse in different pedagogical situations and in different education systems. The research results are implemented in eQNet – a three-year strategic pan-European project focused on reusability of LOs. A novel method of consecutive application of Fuzzy Numbers theory to establish the weights of LOs quality criteria and MCEQLS approach to establish final evaluation results are explored in more detail. A number of multiple criteria decision analysis principles are applied to create a comprehensive quality model (criteria system) for evaluating the quality and reusability of LOs. Several practical exa...
TL;DR: A new MCEQLS AHP method for the expert evaluation of quality of learning scenarios with special attention to suitability of scenarios to particular learner groups (styles) is presented.
Abstract: The aim of the paper is to present a new MCEQLS AHP method for the expert evaluation of quality of learning scenarios. A special attention is paid to suitability of scenarios to particular learner groups (styles). Solution of learning scenarios quality evaluation and optimisation problem could help educational institutions to select suitable scenarios for particular learning styles. The research results will be implemented in iTEC – a four-year, largest pan-European e-learning R&D project focused on the design of the future classroom funded by 7th Framework Programme. A novel method of consecutive triple application of AHP is explored in more detail. Suitability of several iTEC scenarios to particular learner groups is also analysed in the paper. A number of multiple criteria decision analysis principles are applied to create a comprehensive quality model (criteria tree) for evaluating quality of scenarios. Several optimisation methods are explored and applied to optimise learning scenarios in co...
TL;DR: In this article, a mixed-method approach drawn from three studies to explore the level of engagement of construction stakeholders in adopting government sustainability agendas was used to identify a wide range of perceived barriers, which operate broadly at individual and organizational levels.
Abstract: Sustainability ill-practices in the construction industry can have major drawbacks on meeting governmental targets on carbon and energy reduction. Using a mixed-method approach drawn from three studies to explore the level of engagement of construction stakeholders in adopting government sustainability agendas, the research identifies a wide range of perceived barriers, which operate broadly at ‘individual’ and ‘organisational’ levels. Sustainability knowledge in construction is fragmented, diverse, embedded in various documents, and developed in a non-concerted and integrated way across stakeholders, localities, regions, and countries. There is an emergent need for a socio-technical ‘knowledge solution’ to create circles of impacts that bind building professionals, energy administrations, and citizens in a shared sustainability experience to address a number of issues.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors dealt with the implementation of diversity management in the Czech and Slovak organizations and found that respondents' answers were significantly affected by factors such as the seat of the company and the working position of the respondent.
Abstract: The paper deals with the implementation of diversity management in the Czech and Slovak organizations. The aim of the research was to find out how the concept of diversity management is accepted and applied in the Czech and Slovak companies. The scale questionnaire of the author's own construction was used for data collection. The questionnaire contained apart from the introductory classification items 25 items divided into three thematic areas: the field of inclusion and justice, the field of diversity management implementation and the field of benefits resulting from implementing diversity management. The statistically significant differences and dependencies that emerged among items in the questionnaire were examined by Kruskal-Wallis test and other statistical methods. The research survey revealed that respondents’ answers were significantly affected by factors such as the seat of the company and the working position of the respondent. The respondents from the Slovak Republic generally percei...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors determine whether there exist age dependent differences in the orientation of clusters' activities and examine in detail their preferences for jointly-undertaken activities, and verify that clusters can pass through different stages of development.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to determine whether there exist age dependent differences in the orientation of clusters’ activities. The literature depicts different approaches to the cluster evolution process, highlighting that clusters are subject to a life cycle that emphasizes different sets of activities in various stages of their development. These activities appear to follow a certain trajectory, whereby the successful completion of initial less-intensive activities stimulates a shift in focus to more demanding, long-term projects. The presented research verifies that clusters can pass through different stages of development, and examines in detail their preferences for jointly-undertaken activities. Research, conducted on a sample of clusters of different countries and ages, was carried out through the use of questionnaires and structured interviews with cluster managers. It is a sample of so-called organized clusters, which have their own internal structure and which are characterized by consc...
TL;DR: It was concluded that the real option approach and income method are the two most applicable technology valuation methods for evaluating new materials development.
Abstract: New materials have been recognized as key drivers for corporate profitability and growth in today's fast changing environment. To evaluate the development and gain useful appraising information of new materials thus becomes a critical issue. However, little has been done in discussing the selection of technology valuation methods for the development of new materials. Accordingly, this study adopted the fuzzy AHP method to obtain the opinions of professionals on this issue. These efforts resulted in seven evaluation criteria with one, the “data validity” being given the highest weight, followed by “method adaptability” and “technology development evaluability”. It was concluded that the real option approach and income method are the two most applicable technology valuation methods for evaluating new materials development. In addition, the application of the fuzzy AHP method provided a relevant avenue for corporation policy makers and researchers to evaluate the technology valuation methods for new ...
TL;DR: In addition to the activities dedicated to the planning of IT investments, new SISP models should also include the contextual activities that enable adaptation of the deployed IT to the environment and...
Abstract: Worldwide spending of enterprises on information technologies (IT) in 2011 is projected to total USD 2.6 trillion with 350 enterprises each investing more than USD 1 billion. Despite such large and rapidly growing investment figures, the success rates of IT deployment projects over the past 20 years remained relatively low: approximately half of IT deployment projects were unsuccessful. Literature review reveals that inadequate strategic information system planning (SISP) is one of the main reasons for low deployment success rates of IT deployment projects and, thus, one of the current critical IT management issues. For this reason researchers and practitioners in the SISP field are currently directing their efforts into expanding the traditional understanding of SISP as a pure IT planning activity. In addition to the activities dedicated to the planning of IT investments, new SISP models should also include the contextual activities that enable adaptation of the deployed IT to the environment and...
TL;DR: In this article, an extension of the standard UTADIS methodology, an approach that originates from multicriteria decision aid (MCDA) for sorting problems, such that it can handle more than one classification criteria simultaneously which possibly involves different predefined classes for alternatives.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose an extension of the standard UTADIS methodology, an approach that originates from multicriteria decision aid (MCDA) for sorting problems, such that it can handle more than one classification criteria simultaneously which possibly involves different predefined classes for alternatives. Moreover, we test the classification ability of the standard UTADIS methodology using the out-of-classification criterion approach, a new variant of the studies comprising out-of-time and out-of-sample testing methodologies. Results obtained in out-of-classification criterion testing are then compared with the classification ability of the Multiple Classification Criteria UTADIS (MCC UTADIS). Finally, an application to country risk evaluation is performed. In this application, classifications of two credit rating agencies, Standard & Poor's and Moody's, are taken as two different classification criteria. Moreover, robustness of MCC UTADIS method is tested through using several data sets. Re...
TL;DR: This study proposes a quantitative SWOT that rests on fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) methodology, includes possible dependencies among SWOT factors and permits the elimination of decision-makers’ uncertain and vague preferences.
Abstract: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis is an effective strategic planning tool for the development of strategy formulation, but its main weakness is being incapable of quantitatively determining the weights and effects of alternative strategic criteria. Some studies’ use of SWOT with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) would enable decision-makers to obtain-through pairwise comparisons-a relative priority of each criterion, so that the results from quantitative measures could overcome SWOT's central shortcoming. However, these studies neglect critical relationships or dependencies among SWOT factors. In this study, I propose a quantitative SWOT that rests on fuzzy analytic network process (FANP) methodology, includes possible dependencies among SWOT factors and permits the elimination of decision-makers’ uncertain and vague preferences. To this end, I chose the Taiwan biotech pharmaceutical industry as an illustrative example. This study demonstrates and validates that such...
TL;DR: This paper proposes an approach for implementation of data mining into a business process, based on the results achieved in eight commercial companies, and aims at reducing this effort by reusing successful data mining solutions.
Abstract: Nowadays, organisations aim to automate their business processes to improve operational efficiency, reduce costs, improve the quality of customer service and reduce the probability of human error. Business process intelligence aims to apply data warehousing, data analysis and data mining techniques to process execution data, thus enabling the analysis, interpretation, and optimisation of business processes. Data mining approaches are especially effective in helping us to extract insights into customer behaviour, habits, potential needs and desires, credit associated risks, fraudulent transactions and etc. However, the integration of data mining into business processes still requires a lot of coordination and manual adjustment. This paper aims at reducing this effort by reusing successful data mining solutions. We propose an approach for implementation of data mining into a business process. The confirmation of the suggested approach is based on the results achieved in eight commercial companies, ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a multi-criteria framework for comparative assessment of energy technologies by applying MCDM methods for the electricity generation and transport technologies assessment, which allows the comparison of electricity generation technologies and road transport technologies in terms of their GHG emission reduction and economic impacts.
Abstract: The aim of the paper is to address the EU policy for achieving low carbon economy by assessing energy technologies in electricity and road transport sector based on costs and impact on climate change and to indicate the most competitive electricity and transport technologies taking into account EU policy targets in GHG emission reduction, utilization of renewable and energy efficiency improvements. The main tasks of the paper are: to develop the multi-criteria framework for comparative assessment of energy technologies by applying MCDM methods for the electricity generation and transport technologies assessment. The interval TOPSIS method is employed in order to tackle the uncertain criteria. The assessment framework allows the comparison of electricity generation technologies and road transport technologies in terms of their GHG emission reduction and economic impacts and facilitates decision making process in energy sector seeking to implement EU energy policies. The main indicators selected for...
TL;DR: The induced uncertain Euclidean ordered weighted averaging distance (IUEOWAD) operator is an extension of the OWA operator that uses the main characteristics of the induced OWA, the Euclidesan distance and uncertain information represented by interval numbers to consider complex attitudinal characters of the decision-maker.
Abstract: In this paper, we present the induced uncertain Euclidean ordered weighted averaging distance (IUEOWAD) operator. It is an extension of the OWA operator that uses the main characteristics of the induced OWA (IOWA), the Euclidean distance and uncertain information represented by interval numbers. The main advantage of this operator is that it is able to consider complex attitudinal characters of the decision-maker by using order-inducing variables in the aggregation of the Euclidean distance. Moreover, it is able to deal with uncertain environments where the information is very imprecise and can be assessed with interval numbers. We study some of its main properties and particular cases such as the uncertain maximum distance, the uncertain minimum distance, the uncertain normalized Euclidean distance (UNED), the uncertain weighted Euclidean distance (UWED) and the uncertain Euclidean ordered weighted averaging distance (UEOWAD) operator. We also apply this aggregation operator to a group decision-m...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied a systematic search of literature and identified and reviewed a total of 73 papers from the academic literature containing such terms as "Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)", "Socio-economic processes (SEP), "SES", "Social Systems (SS), "Economical Systems (ES), "Decision-making (DM), and "Multi Criteria Decision-making" (MCDM).
Abstract: Today, Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Socio-Economic Systems exists in micro, meso and macro environments. A complicated process is required to find a rational solution that would include a large number of problems and criteria. Therefore, existing MCDM methods must be used as well as new ones developed. Notwithstanding SEA of Analysis of Socio-Economic Processes, there is little research examining factors of use of MCDM methods; thus, a more in-depth analysis should be undertaken. This study applied a systematic search of literature. A total of 73 papers from the academic literature containing such terms as ‘Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)’, ‘Socio-Economic Processes (SEP)’, ‘Socio-Economic Systems (SES)’, ‘Social Systems (SS)’, ‘Economical Systems (ES)’, ‘Decision-Making (DM)’ and ‘Multi Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM)’ were identified and reviewed. As to the eligibility problem in Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), criteria included studies on both Social and Econom...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied event study to discuss changes in information value of plaintiffs and defendants, and information value difference of different patent lawsuit sources in competitive environment, and they showed that patent infringement lawsuits may cause negative perception of investors or insider shareholders.
Abstract: Internationally, news on patent infringement is often seen, and patent infringement law-suits affect stock prices. However, fewer studies have discussed how market reflects corporate value and impact of patent infringement lawsuit on investment returns when a patent infringement lawsuit occurs and the news is released. This study applied event study to discuss changes in information value of plaintiffs and defendants, and information value difference of different patent lawsuit sources in competitive environment. The empirical results showed that patent infringement lawsuits may cause negative perception of investors or insider shareholders. This event may become an arbitrage opportunity. Through five forces analysis, the lawsuits from various sources are bad news. Reverse correction is conducted after the event, and makes stock price rational. Thus, in Taiwan market, patent infringement lawsuit is negative news for plaintiff and defendant.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present results of a representative survey which was aimed to explore Lithuanian inhabitants' opinion towards the new form of social policy: asset-based policy, which stresses the development of skills, knowledge and capabilities, promotes savings, investments and building of assets and gives everyone a possibility to become a capital owner.
Abstract: This paper reviews the articles of Lithuanian authors on social policy topic and assesses if the asset-based policy topic was ever explored. It briefly analyses the efficiency of current social security policy in Lithuania and social-economical state of inhabitants. It states that in order to reduce poverty and inequality, current social policy should be reformed, and the current income support (or income security) policy should be replaced by the asset-based policy which stresses the development of skills, knowledge and capabilities, promotes savings, investments and building of assets and gives everyone a possibility to become a capital owner. The paper presents results of a representative survey which was aimed to explore Lithuanian inhabitants’ opinion towards the new form of social policy: asset-based policy. It uncovers that vast majority of Lithuania's inhabitants would agree to the implementation of the asset-based policy, based on children's savings accounts.