Showing papers in "Toxicology in 2003"

TL;DR: Results obtained from available animal studies suggest that the compound is protective, and further studies are needed to better understand the cellular effects of this essential, but potentially toxic, trace mineral and its functional interaction with other nutrients.

TL;DR: It becomes clear that there exist multiple mechanisms which contribute to the carcinogenicity of cadmium, although the relative weights of these contributions are difficult to estimate.

TL;DR: This review examines the markers used to determine oxidative stress in blood and muscle samples, the changes in oxidative stress markers induced by exercise, and whether athletes require antioxidant supplements.

TL;DR: Recent understanding of DNA damage caused by direct UV radiation and by indirect stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA repair mechanisms and the role of ROS as both a promoter in UV-carcinogenesis and an inducer of UV-apoptosis are discussed.

TL;DR: This review is aimed at updating the current knowledge of the various repair pathways by providing an overview of DNA-repair genes and the corresponding proteins, participating either directly in DNA repair, or in checkpoint control and signaling of DNA damage.

TL;DR: Results from animal experiments indicate that antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamin E and selenium compounds, are protective against lethality and other radiation effects but to a lesser degree than most synthetic protectors.

TL;DR: MC-LR was found to be the most potent toxin followed by MC-YR and MC-RR, and liver histology showed time dependent severe pathological lesions like congestion, haemorrhage, portal mononuclear cell infiltration and obliteration of chromatin material.

TL;DR: This review mainly focuses on the formation of non-enzymatically and enzymatically catalysed eicosanoids, namely the isoprostanes and prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (PGF(2alpha)), following CCl(4) treatment in animals and their regulation by antioxidants.

TL;DR: It is indicated that bisphenol A induces oxidative stress in the liver of rats by decreasing the antioxidant enzymes and co-administration of vitamin C reversed the effects of bispenol A-induced oxidative stress.

TL;DR: It is suggested that lowering of serum total cholesterol may not be the earliest clinically-measurable response to treatment in the rat and it is confirmed that serum and liver PFOS concentrations on repeated dosing are proportional to dose and cumulative dose.

TL;DR: Data collectively support the hypothesis that cellular oxidative stress is a critical step in burn-mediated injury, and suggest that antioxidant strategies designed to either inhibit free radical formation or to scavage free radicals may provide organ protection in patients with burn injury.

TL;DR: The results suggested that graded doses of bisphenol A elicit depletion of antioxidant defence system and induce oxidative stress in epididymal sperm of rats may be due to induction of antioxidant stress in sperm.

TL;DR: It is argued here that restricting access to the most hazardous pesticides would be of paramount importance to reduce the number of severe acute poisoning cases and case-fatalities and would provide greater opportunities for preventive programmes to act effectively.

TL;DR: This review is an exploration of various species differences in the structure and function of the immune system and an attempt to identify those differences that may be important in the conduct of immunotoxicology tests.

TL;DR: Delayed brain injuries due to a CO exposure may be preventable by hyperbaric O(2), however, the ideal dose of O( 2) in this context, if any, is unknown and other potential treatments need to be tested.

TL;DR: The results indicate that CL(R) is responsible for the difference in CL(tot) between PFCAs having different carbon chain length and between sexes.

TL;DR: Results of the study indicate that malathion pretreament may not essentially alter the anticholinesterase action of anilofos, but may enhance anil ofos-mediated oxidative damage to rat brain.

TL;DR: The key to understand the complete BER process is to elucidate how multiple proteins interact with one another in a coordinated process under specific physiological conditions.

TL;DR: Even relatively low concentrations of lead and cadmium, like those found in the liver and kidneys of rodents from the neighbourhood of the steelworks, caused histopathological changes.

TL;DR: Results demonstrated the beneficial influences of isoflavones in reducing the negative effects of cypermethrin on blood hematology and biochemical parameters of male rabbits.

TL;DR: Zearalenone genotoxicity has been confirmed in three cell-lines, Vero, Caco-2 and DOK at concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 microM, and under these conditions, ZEN induces concentration-dependent DNA fragmentation resulting in DNA laddering patterns on agarose gel electrophoresis, consistent with apoptosis.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the gastroprotective effect of quercetin in this experimental model could be due to its antiperoxidative, antioxidant and antihistaminic effects.

TL;DR: It is shown that 4-MBC, OMC, and PP have estrogenic activity in fish, and increased mRNA expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, among sex hormone receptors in the liver, are found due to exposure to 5-methyl-benzylidene camphor, among UV screens and preservatives.

TL;DR: The increasing use of immunosuppressive drugs in nontransplant patients is useful to delineate more accurately the consequences of mild-to-moderate Immunosuppression.

TL;DR: The results of the present investigation suggest that toxicity of diselenides depends on the route of administration as well the species (rats or mice), and show that modulation of more than one neuronal system can account fordiselenide-induced seizures in mice.

TL;DR: PerM, which proved more permeable than CY, produced an increase of fluidity and polarity in the hydrophilic-hydrophobic region of the erythrocyte bilayer even at low doses, and at high doses, influenced more markedly the intracellular enzymatic activity, compared with CY.

TL;DR: Carbon black was consistently less effective than the urban particles, suggesting that, the contaminants adsorbed on the particles are responsible for the release of inflammatory mediators.

TL;DR: Interactions with so-called zinc finger proteins involved in DNA repair and/or DNA damage signaling have been identified and essential trace elements such as certain selenium compounds, which appear to exert anticarcinogenic properties at low concentrations but may compromise genetic stability at higher concentrations.

TL;DR: Results from experiments in which alcohol has been delivered for a short time (acute) or prolonged period (chronic) ; in vivo or in vitro; at physiologic doses or at supraphysiologic doses; and the contribution of oxidant injury to alcohol induced tissue damage will be discussed.

TL;DR: The clinical- and cost-effectiveness of pre-prescription genotyping for P450 polymorphisms has not been convincingly demonstrated, and further studies that address these deficiencies are urgently needed--only then will prospective P450 genotypes become routine in clinical practice.