Showing papers in "Toxicon in 1994"

TL;DR: The results show the importance of Adda and glutamic acid in toxicity of these cyclic peptides and that PP1 inhibition is related to the toxins' mechanism of action.

TL;DR: It was clearly demonstrated that cylindrospermopsin is a potent inhibitor of the protein synthesis and the amount of total P450 was extensively diminished in the toxin treated with hepatic microsomes.

TL;DR: A rapid screening method including four steps, extraction, clean-up, separation, and determination, has been proposed for cylindrospermopsin, which causes fatty liver and central necroses in mice and is suspected of being an agent causing human hepatoenteritis.

TL;DR: It was found that caprylic acid-fractionated antivenom was superior in terms of yield, production time, albumin/globulin ratio, turbidity, protein aggregates, electrophoretic pattern and neutralizing potency against several activities of Bothrops asper venom.

TL;DR: Support for the adaptive significance of sponge constituents is derived from the observation that sponges which are growing exposed are usually more toxic than those growing unexposed.

TL;DR: This study shows that, like PP1 and PP2A, the activity of PP3 is potently inhibited by okadaic acid, both microcystins, nodularin, calyculin A and tautomycin, and shows that the chemical modification of the (C1) carboxyl group of okADAic acid can have a profound influence on the inhibitory activity of this toxin.

TL;DR: My personal experience in treating 38,068 people, from which over 20,000 received serotherapy, shows that the antiserum is very effective, in that none of the patients died.

TL;DR: The data provide direct evidence for antimyotoxic and antihemorrhagic effects of EP and THE AUTHORS against the crotalid venoms responsible for most cases of envenomation by snakebites in Brazil.

TL;DR: A total of 3866 patients stung by Tityus serrulatus scorpion was admitted to Hospital João XXIII, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, over a 16-year period, with the presence of air bronchograms and a peripheral distribution suggesting that a noncardiogenic factor is also involved in the genesis of lung oedema.

TL;DR: The skin of poison frogs contains a wide variety of alkaloids that presumably serve a defensive role, and an alkaloid uptake system provides a means of maintaining skin alkaloidal levels and suggests that some if not all such 'dendrobatid alkal steroids' may have a dietary origin.

TL;DR: The results confirm the rapid tissue damaging effects of B. asper venom, implying that potentially useful blocking agents must be administered early and have the ability to diffuse rapidly into the tissues.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the chick biventer cervicis muscle could be used as a standard preparation for the screening of snake venoms for neurotoxic and myotoxic effects, and that it may be possible to use this preparation as a means to check that antivenoms can neutralize neurot toxic and direct myot toxic actions of venoms.

TL;DR: A highly sensitive and specific ELISA was developed to detect ricin in biological fluids, achieving a detection limit of at least 100 pg/ml (10 pg/well) and two variations on the routine assay were investigated.

TL;DR: There was a close relationship between the results of the WBCT20 and plasma fibrinogen levels in 69 moderately envenomed patients and it is of use in assessing the effectiveness of antivenom therapy in relation to the restoration of blood coagulability.

TL;DR: An organic acid, isolated and purified from the root extract of an Indian medicinal plant sarsaparilla Hemidesmus indicus R. Br, possessed viper venom inhibitory activity and significantly antagonized vipers-induced lethal, haemorrhagic, coagulant and anticoagulants activity in experimental rodents.

TL;DR: It is suggested that L-amino acid oxidase induces human platelet aggregation through the formation of H2O2, and subsequent thromboxane A2 synthesis requiring Ca2+ but independent of ADP release.

TL;DR: The early reaction to antivenom administration was lower than expected, amounting to 6.6% and 1.7% among Al-Qassim and Al-Baha victims, respectively, and the severity of the reaction was low, consisting mainly of skin rashes, urticaria, wheezing and bronchial secretion, but no anaphylaxis.

TL;DR: Results suggest that in cases of abscess formation secondary to Bothrops bite, chloramphenicol alone is a good choice, being both safe and cheap.

TL;DR: Washing and neutralization experiments using heparin with low affinity for antithrombin or mouse monoclonal antibody MAb-3 suggest that at low temperatures myotoxin II binds very weakly to the cells, and that its normal interaction with the putative target is probably not only based on charge, but that a membrane penetration event may be required.

TL;DR: The water-soluble toxin present in skin of Colostethus inguinalis (Dendrobatidae) was identified as tetrodotoxin by fluorometric HPLC analysis and tetrodOToxin-like activity was present in extracts of skin of five species of Atelopus (Bufonidae).

TL;DR: Capillaries undergoing more advanced degenerative stages, there were gaps or breaks in endothelial cells through which erythrocytes were escaping to the extravascular space and no evidence was found of extravasation through widened intercellular junctions, as has been also described for other venoms and hemorrhagic toxins.

TL;DR: The highest levels of butyrylcholinesterase mRNA are found in the liver and lungs, tissues known as the principal detoxication sites of the human body, indicating that butyriesterase may be a first line of defense against poisons that are eaten or inhaled.

TL;DR: Soils, depleted in micronutrients from flooding by monsoon rains or otherwise poor in available zinc and with high iron content (Ethiopian vertisols), may be responsible for higher incidence of human lathyrism, one of the oldest neurotoxic diseases known to man.

TL;DR: Sixteen microcystins, cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, were isolated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography from four hepatotoxic strains and two Microcystis spp.

TL;DR: Analysis of the faeces, intestinal contents and urine indicated that over 90% of the radioactivity in these samples was due to FB1 and its hydrolysis products.

TL;DR: The present method including a tandem cartridge system allowed a precise analysis of microcystins in water samples from three different lakes at a 0.02 ppb level.

TL;DR: These data confirm that the accumulation ability is genetically coded, thus, only certain taxonomical groups of fungi play a toxicological role and offer new information about the concentration of two toxic elements of particular mushroom species as well as in other taxonomic groups.

TL;DR: Analyses of some of these secretions have shown that enzymes common to many ophidian venoms such as phospholipases A and L-amino acid oxidase are uncommon in the colubrid secretions studied.

TL;DR: The overall elimination half-life, t1/2 beta, was 24 hr, indicating that the venom has the slowest elimination among all known scorpion venoms, which might explain the increased risk of toxicity and the good potential for treatment with serotherapy even hours after the sting.