Showing papers in "Toxicon in 1999"

TL;DR: During a screening of toxic freshwater cyanobacteria in Brazil, three strains isolated from the State of Sao Paulo were found toxic by the mouse bioassay, providing the first evidence of paralytic shellfish toxins in this species.

TL;DR: Cytotoxic effects associated with sodium channel activation were evaluated for the two classes of toxins on murine neuroblastoma cells, and their acute toxicity was determined in mice, suggesting that the high toxicity of CTXs is related to sodium-dependent disturbances of the excitable membranes but might also involve other cellular mechanisms.

TL;DR: This is the first study to shed light on clupeotoxism, a highly fatal form of human intoxication due to ingestion of clupeoid fish.

TL;DR: Results show that depuration of MCYST by mussels is not a very rapid process and contamination by feces containingMCYST is likely to occur and increase the persistence of these toxins in the mussels after the bloom disappearance.

TL;DR: Colonies and single cells of Microcystis aeruginosa and the hepatotoxin microcystin were retained by salad lettuce after growth with spray irrigation water containing the microcyStin-producing cyanobacteria.

TL;DR: Redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus harvested from an aquaculture pond infested by a bloom of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (order: Nostocales), were shown to accumulate the toxic alkaloid cylINDrospermopsin.

TL;DR: While the K49 PLA2 proteins are enzymatically inactive on artificial substrates, the toxins cause fatty acid production in cell cultures and in the latter, the PLA2 myotoxins exert at least two distinct mechanisms of action, neither of which is well-characterized.

TL;DR: In vitro differentiated skeletal muscle myotubes may represent a suitable model target for the study of myotoxic PLA2s of the structural group II found in snake venoms, and cytolytic activity appears to be a common characteristic of group II myotoxins of the Viperidae.

TL;DR: Results indicate that wedelolactone, para-bromophenacyl bromide and heparin are antagonists of these two phospholipase A2 myotoxins, and that antagonism by the first two compounds may be due to a more specific interaction with these proteins than that by the latter.

TL;DR: Identification of YTX and homoYTX in natural phytoplankton populations containing significant amounts of Gonyaulax polyedra and determination of detailed toxin profiles of mussels periodically collected from two sites of the Northern Adriatic coast was performed by LC-FLD.

TL;DR: A randomized blinded clinical trial was performed in 53 patients bitten by Bothrops sp.

TL;DR: The data suggest that a systemic inflammatory response-like syndrome is triggered during severe envenomation caused by T. serrulatus sting and that release of cytokines may be involved in this response.

TL;DR: Data suggest that in cats with normal cardiovascular parameters and diuresis, the STX excretion mainly involves glomerular filtration, indicating that the mammals can not metabolize this molecule.

TL;DR: Findings are the first direct evidence of the transformation ofDTX1 to 7-O-acyl DTX1 in scallop tissues.

TL;DR: HPLC was used to search for esters of DSP toxins in Portuguese bivalves and Hexane-soluble derivatives of okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2) were found, posing a problem for the current assay methods used to detect DSP.

TL;DR: Conium maculatum chronic toxicity may be largely underestimated, at least in some regions, because of the difficulty in associate malformations in offspring with the much earlier maternal poisoning.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of venom components isolated thus far from Australian elapids shows that a tremendous structural homology exists among the components but this homology is not representative of the functional diversity.

TL;DR: Curacin-A, antillatoxin and kalkitoxin, natural products from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula, were tested for neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons and neurotoxicity was prevented by the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists dextrorphan and MK-801.

TL;DR: The high level of toxin tolerance observed in marine animals may enable the wide distribution of PTX in marine biota and its transport and sequestration in food chains.

TL;DR: It was demonstrated that a three-day pretreatment with either GL or GA exhibited protective effect on retrorsine-induced liver damage in rats, and extensive hepatocellular damages were observed.

TL;DR: The cDNA sequence of a new, sphingomyelin inhibited equinatoxin, EqtIV, is reported, confirming two isoforms of EqtI, differing at position 13, indicating that Eqts belong to a multigene family.

TL;DR: Digoxin specific Fab fragments are effective in the treatment of Chan Su poisoning in mice and may be effective for poisoning by other cardioactive steroids of the bufadienolide class.

TL;DR: Interestingly, the F35 toxin, a dermonecrotic and complement-dependent haemolytic factor, was also present in greater amounts in female venom, as demonstrated by ELISA.

TL;DR: The combination of immunoaffinity chromatography with HPLC was very useful in detecting TTX from the urine samples of poisoned patients for diagnosis of TTX-food poisoning.

TL;DR: It is concluded that LHF-II has weak hemorrhagic and myotoxic activities, and that its role in the pathogenesis of L. muta-induced local tissue damage is associated with edema formation and degradation of extracellular matrix components, either directly or by activation of endogenous matrix metalloproteinases.

TL;DR: Snake venoms are abundant and stable sources of MMP which are medically important and important sources of TIMP which can be used to study metalloproteinase related diseases.

TL;DR: A cDNA phage library was constructed from venom glands of a single adult specimen of crotamine-plus Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) captured in a known region, and it was indicated that Crotamine transcripts were not expressed in the crotamines-minus specimen.

TL;DR: Production of domoic acid (DA), the responsible toxin for amnesic shellfish poisoning, was examined for 44 strains of Pseudo-nitzschia spp.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of synthetic melittin on acylhydrolase activity in the cell-free sonicated lysates of monocytic leukemia cells was examined.