Showing papers in "Trends in Cognitive Sciences in 2020"

TL;DR: The current state of knowledge linking structure and function in macroscale brain networks is synthesized and it is argued that current models do not include the requisite biological detail to completely predict function.

TL;DR: It is suggested that weak correlations between self-report and behavioral measures of the same construct result from the poor reliability of many behavioral measures and the distinct response processes involved in the two measurement types.

TL;DR: This review relates continual learning to the learning dynamics of neural networks, highlighting the potential it has to considerably improve data efficiency and consider the many new biologically inspired approaches that have emerged in recent years.

TL;DR: Theta frequency fluctuations of the local field potential have long been implicated in learning and memory, but human studies of episodic memory have provided mixed evidence for theta's role in successful learning and remembering.

TL;DR: Findings that have identified key roles for three neural systems: cortical modulation of the pretectal olivary nucleus, which controls the pupillary light reflex; the superior colliculus, which mediates orienting responses, including pupil changes to salient stimuli; and the locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) neuromodulatory system,which mediates relationships between pupil-linked arousal and cognition are reviewed.

TL;DR: BRAC (binding and retrieval in action control) is proposed, an overarching, integrative framework that accounts for a wide range of seemingly unrelated findings by assuming 'two core processes: feature binding and retrieval'.

TL;DR: It is argued that young people’s capacity to encourage each other to observe social distancing rules should be harnessed.

TL;DR: Claims about Broca's area should be (re)cast in terms of these (and other, as yet undetermined) functional components, to establish a cumulative research enterprise where empirical findings can be replicated and theoretical proposals can be meaningfully compared and falsified.

TL;DR: This work highlights the benefits of social bonds, choreographies of bond creation and maintenance, as well as the neurocognitive basis of social isolation and its deep consequences for mental and physical health.

TL;DR: Evidence of key functional interactions among PM regions and their relation to the core cognitive operations and representations supporting episodic construction are reviewed to inform a network-based model of episodicConstruction.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the hallmark of conscious processing is the flexible integration of bottom-up and top-down data streams at the cellular level, which provides the foundation for Dendritic Information Theory, a novel neurobiological theory of consciousness.

TL;DR: A two-process model is proposed in which probabilistic knowledge initially biases perception towards what is likely and subsequently upweights events that are particularly surprising.

TL;DR: It is argued that oxytocin is most accurately described as an allostatic hormone that modulates both social and non-social behavior by maintaining stability through changing environments.

TL;DR: It is argued that processes can be socially specialised at the implementational and/or the algorithmic level, and that changing the goal of social behaviour can also change social specificity.

TL;DR: This work has shown that decisions to avoid or escape predators occur at different spatiotemporal scales and that they are supported by different computations and neural circuits embedded within a distributed defensive circuitry.

TL;DR: It is suggested that one unique feature of digital emotion contagion is that it is mediated by digital media platforms that are motivated to upregulate user emotions.

TL;DR: This synthesis reveals that the amplitude of ongoing low-frequency oscillations, particularly in the alpha-band (8-13 Hz), bias sensory responses and change conscious perception but not, surprisingly, the underlying sensitivity of perception.

TL;DR: A multidimensional framework for understanding interspecies variation in states of consciousness is presented, which distinguishes five key dimensions of variation: perceptual richness, evaluative richness, integration at a time, integration across time, and selfconsciousness.

TL;DR: Evidence that posterior alpha-band oscillations underlie the flexible activation and deactivation of VWM representations and that frontal delta-to-theta- band oscillations play a role in the executive control of this process is reviewed.

TL;DR: Why reducing citation bias is important and how to include a Citation Diversity Statement in your next publication are described.

TL;DR: Translational insights further emerge regarding the pervasive link between sleep disturbance and psychiatric conditions, including anxiety, depression, and suicidality, and findings raise concerns regarding society's mental health and the prevalence of insufficient and disrupted sleep.

TL;DR: This review highlights how the challenge of separating brain signal from noise has led to new conceptualizations of brain functional organization at both the micro- and macroscopic level.

TL;DR: Research that examines how social behaviors affect not one, but both partners in a dyad is considered, considering whether it is merely an epiphenomenon, or whether it plays an independent, mechanistic role in early attention and learning.

TL;DR: Research on the development of abstract object categorization is consulted to guide hypotheses about how infants might learn abstract emotion categories because the two domains present infants with similar learning challenges.

TL;DR: Although research conducted online solves the problem of data collection, a lack of internet access among low-income and minority communities may reduce the diversity of study samples and impact the generalizability of scientific findings.

TL;DR: The promise of cross-cultural cognitive science will not be fully realized unless the authors continue to be more inclusive of the world's populations and strive for a more complete cognitive portrait of their species.

TL;DR: A novel synthesis is offered, grounded in the interaction between intrinsic characteristics of faces and voices and the demands of everyday life, showing how the pattern of findings reflects a system that can respond optimally to different everyday demands.

TL;DR: This work has shown that there is evidence that each of these abilities depends on cultural learning and therefore that cultural selection might shape human metacognition.

TL;DR: It is discussed how effects of language on perception naturally arise from the interactive and predictive nature of perception, and a consistent finding is that language causes us to perceive in a more categorical way.