Showing papers in "Vaccine in 2015"

TL;DR: The SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy concluded that vaccine hesitancy refers to delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability of vaccination services.

TL;DR: Overall, the results showed that multicomponent and dialogue-based interventions were most effective and identified strategies should be carefully tailored according to the target population, their reasons for hesitancy, and the specific context.

TL;DR: The definition of vaccine Hesitancy and a matrix of determinants guided the development of a survey tool to assess the nature and scale of hesitancy issues, and framed the menu of survey questions presented in this paper to help diagnose and address vaccine hesitancies.

TL;DR: Adjuvants are the most advanced new technology in the search for new vaccines against challenging pathogens and for vulnerable populations that respond poorly to traditional vaccines.

TL;DR: Correcting myths about vaccines may not be an effective approach to promoting immunization, according to previous research on misperceptions about the MMR vaccine.

TL;DR: There is no strong evidence to recommend any specific intervention to address vaccine hesitancy/refusal, but the findings of 15 published literature reviews or meta-analysis that have examined the effectiveness of different interventions to reduce vaccine hesitism and/or to enhance vaccine acceptance are presented and discussed.

TL;DR: Fundamental vaccine safety concepts are described, an overview of VAERS is provided for healthcare professionals who provide vaccinations and might want to report or better understand a vaccine adverse event, and how CDC and FDA analyze VAERS data are explained.

TL;DR: Barriers to vaccination in pregnancy are complex and vary depending on context and population; there are wide gaps in knowledge regarding the attitudes of healthcare workers and how ethnicity and gender dynamics influence a pregnant woman's decision to vaccinate.

TL;DR: How IDO-mediated catabolism of tryptophan can modulate the immune system to arrest inflammation, suppress immunity to cancer and inhibit allergy, autoimmunity and the rejection of transplanted tissues is assessed.

TL;DR: Existing data on the prevalence and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant invasive Salmonella infections and how this affects the management of these infections, especially in endemic developing countries are described.

TL;DR: The current state-of-the-art in nanoparticle-based strategies designed to potentiate cancer immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines with subunit antigens and whole-cell tumor antIGens, dendritic cell-based vaccines, artificial antigen-presenting cells, and immunotherapeutics based on immunogenic cell death, immune checkpoint blockade, and adoptive T-cell therapy are reviewed.

TL;DR: The different types of whole tumor antigens that could be used to pulse dendritic cell (DC) ex vivo and in vivo are described and discussed.

TL;DR: The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) has closely followed the development, implementation, use and evolution of TIP concluding that TIP could be a valuable tool for use in all WHO regions, to help address countries' vaccine hesitancy problems.

TL;DR: A communication strategy, incorporating an appropriate selection of the available communication tools, should be an integral part of every immunization programme, addressing the specific factors that influence hesitancy in the target populations.

TL;DR: This study focused on the social media platform Pinterest, analyzing 800 vaccine-related pins and found concerns about vaccine safety and side effects were oft-repeated themes, as was the concept of conspiracy theory.

TL;DR: The immune system is adversely affected by obesity, and these "immune consequences" raise concern for the lack of vaccine-induced immunity in the obese patient requiring discussion of how this sub-population might be better protected.

TL;DR: The immunological immune responses elicited by the two vaccines are discussed and future work to better define correlates of protection is discussed, with a focus on the live attenuated vaccines.

TL;DR: Preclinical and clinical data demonstrating that radiation acts in concert with antibodies targeting the immune checkpoint cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), to induce therapeutically effective anti-tumor T cell responses in tumors otherwise non responsive to anti-CTLA -4 therapy are summarized.

TL;DR: The results of this first-in-human, open label phase I trial assessed the safety and immunogenicity of H56:IC31 in healthy adults without or with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection, and induced antigen-specific IgG responses and Th1 cytokine-expressing CD4(+) T cells.

TL;DR: The three most developed whole PfSPZ vaccine candidates, associated clinical trials, initial plans for licensure and deployment, and long-term objectives for a final product suitable for mass administration to achieve regional malaria elimination and eventual global eradication are described.

TL;DR: The introduction of novel technologies has the potential to support the development of vaccines with increased efficacy targeting infections as well as non-communicable diseases, however, the full potential of any novel vaccine strategy can be only captured if vaccination programs are implemented with sufficient coverage.

TL;DR: The importance of formulation and analytical characterization in all aspects of vaccine adjuvant development is often underappreciated and the formulation factors that must be evaluated in order to optimize interactions between vaccine antigens, immune potentiators, and particulate formulations are highlighted.

TL;DR: Provider-focused interventions including repeated contacts, education, individualized feedback, and strong quality improvement incentives have the potential to produce sustained improvements in HPV vaccination rates.

TL;DR: The methods available for diagnosis of Rift Valley fever virus infection, the current status of vaccine development and possible implications for RVFV emergence in Europe are discussed.

TL;DR: Data from the 25 months (after the first injection) active phase of the two pivotal phase III efficacy studies shows that CYD-TDV is efficacious against virologically-confirmed disease (primary endpoint) and has a good safety profile.

TL;DR: A measles microneedle patch vaccine was immunogenic in non-human primates and this approach offers a promising delivery method that could help increase vaccination coverage.

TL;DR: Progress during the last few years has been significant, and a first generation malaria candidate vaccine, RTS,S/AS01, is under review by the European Medicines Agency for its quality, safety and efficacy under article 58, which allows the EMA to give a scientific opinion about products intended exclusively for markets outside the European Union.

TL;DR: The versatility of CTB to manipulate immune responses in either direction makes this protein a promising adjuvant for vaccine development.

TL;DR: Across Europe, vaccine effectiveness against rotavirus-related healthcare utilisation ranged from 68% to 98%, consistent with efficacy data from clinical trials and with findings from post-marketing studies from the US and Latin America.

TL;DR: Based on the concerns about vaccine hesitancy and its impact on vaccine uptake rates and the performance of national immunization programmes, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy proposed a set of recommendations directed to the public health community, WHO and its partners, and to the World Health Organization (WHO) member states.