Showing papers in "Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation in 2018"

Effect of Whole-Body Vibration on Neuromuscular Performance: A Literature Review

Abstract: Background Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a neuromuscular training method that has recently received popularity in health and fitness centers, as an additional or substitute method to conventional training and therapy, in order to improve muscle strength and power. Objective The purpose of this review is to critically observe the effect of WBV training on neuromuscular performance in view of its ability to enhance the muscles strength, power, and flexibility; and also to investigate the influence of the different vibration characteristics (viz., method of application of vibration, frequency, and amplitude) and exercise protocols on the effect of this training. Method For this review 24 studies or articles were examined, and based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, 5 studies were finally selected; and an attempt was made to uncover the factors influencing the improvement in neuromuscular performance as a result of WBV intervention. During the review, it was considered to include and discuss as many characteristics as possible, such as, knee extension, knee flexion, counter movement jump (CMJ), squat exercise, and jumping height (JH). Result Whole-body vibration, along with additional exercise training, has a potential to induce substantial improvement in neuromuscular performance. Conclusion Whole-body vibration can bring about improvement in muscles strength, power, and flexibility. The main factors associated with the improvement in muscles performance are range of amplitude and frequency, type of vibration and its method of application, training intensity, exercise protocol, and the characteristics of the participants.

Decent work, work motivation and psychological capital: An empirical research.

Abstract: BACKGROUND The Decent Work (DW) concept, proposed by the International Labour Organization, can be enriched by the contributions of a Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology (WOPP) perspective. Namely, it would be important to relate DW perceptions to the main concepts in the WOPP realm. Understanding these relations would expand our knowledge of the nomological network of the DW concept and of its practical implications. OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationships between DW, work motivation and psychological capital among knowledge workers in Portugal and Brazil. METHODS The Decent Work Questionnaire (DWQ), a previously validated measure of 7 dimensions of DW from a WOPP perspective, the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS), and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) were administered to 2912 knowledge workers. Relations among concepts were analyzed by canonical correlation analyses and linear regression. RESULTS The DW dimension Fulfilling and Productive Work was positively associated with intrinsic and identified work motivation, and negatively with amotivation. A second significant canonical variate related (negatively) Social Protection (DW dimension) to extrinsic material work motivation. Results from regression analysis support the idea that DW promotes psychological capital. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that DW is an important predictor of work motivation and psychological capital. Practical implications for human resources management are presented.

Burnout and work-related stress in Italian rehabilitation professionals: A comparison of physiotherapists, speech therapists and occupational therapists.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Healthcare workers are exposed to work related stresses that significantly increase their risk of burnout. OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare burnout and work related stress levels in three categories of health professionals: physiotherapists, speech therapists and occupational therapists. METHODS A convenience sample of 391 health professionals participated, including 210 physiotherapists, 101 speech therapists and 80 occupational therapists. We collected general socio-demographic information and administered the standardized Italian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Management Standards Indicator Tool. RESULTS We found the proportion of professionals with high-risk scores in the three dimensions of the MBI to be as follows: Emotional Exhaustion 32%, Depersonalisation 13% and Personal Accomplishment 9%. Overall, 14% of participants were at high risk of burnout. No significant differences were found between the three professional categories. Five subscales of the HSE were associated with burnout: Control (p < 0.01), Management support (p < 0.01), Relationship (p < 0.05), Role (p < 0.01), and Change (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Like all health care workers, rehabilitation professionals are at a high risk of burnout. There are common mechanisms underlying burnout in the different professional groups investigated. Further research in occupational health in rehabilitation settings is needed to prevent burnout.

Factors associated with neck disorders among university student smartphone users.

Abstract: Background In our digital society, the use of smartphones has increased rapidly. Parallel with the growing use of smartphones, musculoskeletal problems associated with intensive smartphone use have also increased. Neck flexion is the most commonly adopted posture by smartphone users while looking at the visual display terminals of smartphones for extended periods; this posture may lead to neck disorders. Objective The purpose of the current study was to investigate musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in smartphone users in Thailand in order to confirm high prevalence of neck pain. The study also aimed to determine all possible factors associated with neck disorders among smartphone users. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 779 undergraduate smartphone users. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect self-report measures of smartphone use and musculoskeletal disorders. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participant characteristics and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors. Results The most painful body region after the use of smartphones over a 12-month period was found to be the neck (32.50%). Factors associated with neck disorders were a flexed neck posture (Odds Ratio (OR): = 2.44, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.21-4.90) and smoking (OR 8.99, 95% CI 1.88-42.87). Conclusions The results suggest that to address neck disorders in smartphone users preventive initiatives should focus on reducing flexed neck postures and smoking.

Returning to work after breast cancer: A systematic review of reviews.

Abstract: Background Due to improvements in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, the healthcare system faces a growing number of cancer survivors. Breast cancer survivors experience many difficulties when returning to work, including discrimination at work and lack of support by employers and colleagues. Objective To point out the knowledge in literature up to date about return to work (RTW) after breast cancer, the factors influencing it and the interventions to facilitate it. Methods A literature search was conducted in January 2017 using the databases Medline (PubMed) and Scopus. Studies were included if they analyzed the problem of RTW in women treated for breast cancer. Results Twenty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. The studies were divided into four themes: factors facilitating or impeding RTW; interventions to enhance RTW; lived experiences of RTW; economic aspects related to cancer survivors and RTW. Conclusions The heterogeneity of the interventions suggests the need for a better definition of the concept of RTW. To compare interventions, studies should use a rigorous approach and better outcome measures should be identified to evaluate RTW.

Awkward trunk postures and their relationship with low back pain in hospital nurses

Abstract: BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is the most common work-related musculoskeletal problem among healthcare workers including nurses. Awkward trunk postures have been recognized as one common problem in this groupOBJECTIVE:The aims of this study were to: a) continuously assess trunk postures for an entire shift work in various hospital wards, and b) examine the relationship between the duration of exposure to awkward trunk postures and the occurrence of low back pain (LBP) among nurses. METHODS Eighty nurses from eight wards in a hospital participated in this cross-sectional study. The prevalence of LBP was determined using the revised Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Full-shift work trunk posture exposure was measured using an inclinometer. RESULTS The prevalence of LBP among hospital nurses was 72%. The highest percentage of time spent in awkward postures in the sagittal plane (trunk flexion ≥45°) and in the frontal plane (lateral bend ≥20°) was recorded in the general (65.6% ± 12.2) and orthopedic (48.4% ± 7.4) wards, respectively. Logistic regression analyses showed that the duration of exposure to awkward trunk postures had a significant relationship with LBP (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the potential risks of nursing job in terms of frequent and extreme trunk awkward postures, which may lead to the development of LBP. The findings can help to develop guidelines regarding prioritizing ergonomic interventions to reduce the prevalence of LBP among hospital nurses.

Borg CR-10 scale as a new approach to monitoring office exercise training

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There are many potential training exercises for office workers in an attempt to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. However, to date a suitable tool to monitor the perceived exertion of those exercises does not exist. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Borg CR-10 scale to monitor the perceived exertion of office exercise training. METHODS: The study involved 105 staff members employed in a government office with an age range from 25 to 50 years. The Borg CR-10 scale was self-administered two times, with an interval of two weeks in order to evaluate the accuracy of the original findings with a retest. Face validity and content validity were also examined. RESULTS: Reliability was found to be high for the Borg CR-10 scale (0.898). Additionally a high correlation between the Borg CR-10 scale and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was identified (rs = 0.754, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study found the Borg CR-10 scale to be a reliable and valid tool for monitoring the perceived exertion of office exercise training and may potentially be useful for occupational therapists to measure physical activity intensity levels.

After hours teleworking and boundary management: Effects on work-family conflict.

Abstract: Background There is a need for a better understanding of how the use of technology to complete work outside regular office hours is related to work-life outcomes. Few studies have also investigated how individual differences in work-nonwork boundary management relate to work-life outcomes. Objective This study was conducted to examine how teleworking outside regular office hours and individual boundary management relate to work-family conflict. Methods A web survey was sent to fulltime employees at the headquarters of a multinational high-tech firm in Sweden. A total of 71 answers were obtained and analyzed using regression analysis. Results The extent of teleworking after hours was unrelated to work-family conflict. However, as previous research has shown, having more permeable boundaries and allowing work to interrupt nonwork behavior was related to higher levels of conflict. Conclusions The findings suggest that teleworking after hours is not as problematic in terms of work-family conflict as has been reported in previous studies. Furthermore, in order to prevent high levels of work-family conflict, it is seemingly beneficial to avoid work interruptions during nonwork behavior.

Recovery, work-life balance and work experiences important to self-rated health: A questionnaire study on salutogenic work factors among Swedish primary health care employees

Abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information on positive work factors among health care workers.OBJECTIVE: To explore salutogenic work-related factors among primary health care employees.METHOD: Ques ...

Mental disorder sick leave in Sweden : A population study

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The inability to perform productive work due to mental disorders is a growing concern in advanced societies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate medically certified mental disorder and all-cause ...

A scoping review of the incentives for a prolonged work life after pensionable age and the importance of "bridge employment".

Abstract: Background: With a growing share of older people in almost every population, discussions are being held worldwide about how to guarantee welfare in the immediate future. Different solutions are sug ...

Employers' views of the impact of mental health problems on the ability to work

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mental health problems (MHP) are common in working life and can be hard to respond to for employers. Therefore, knowledge of employers' perceptions of employees with MHP is important to ...

Critical factors for the return-to-work process among people with affective disorders: Voices from two vocational approaches

Abstract: Background: Depression is among the major causes of disability with a negative impact on both daily life and work performance. Whilst depression is the primary cause of sick-leave and unemployment in today's workplace there is a lack of knowledge of the needs of individuals with depression regarding their return-to-work (RTW) process. Objective: To explore which factors are of critical importance for people suffering from depression and who also are unemployed in their RTW-process and to explore the impact of two vocational approaches on the service users' experiences. The study included participants in two vocational rehabilitation approaches; Individual Enabling and Support (IES) and Traditional Vocational Rehabilitation (TVR). Method: Qualitative methods were applied to explore critical factors in the RTW-process. Individuals with affective disorders including depression and bipolar disorder were included. Results Three themes emerged as critical factors; Experiencing hope and power, professionals' positive attitudes, beliefs and behaviours, and employing a holistic perspective and integrating health and vocational service. Conclusion This study has demonstrated critical factors for the return-to-work process as experienced by persons with depression. To experience hope and power, to meet professionals that believe "you can work", who use a person-centred and holistic service approach, are such factors necessary for gaining a real job. In particular, professionals in TVR need to embrace this understanding since their services were not experienced as including these elements.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in the Korean working population

Abstract: BACKGROUND In this study, we developed a new Korean translation for the shortened version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and examined its psychometric properties in a Korean working population OBJECTIVE To develop a new Korean version of the DASS-21 and test its psychometric properties specific to the Korean working population METHODS The DASS-21 was translated to the Korean language in accordance with scientific guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation A total of 228 general workers from Korea then completed the newly translated version of the DAS S-21 and its psychometric properties were evaluated RESULTS Most of the questionnaire items were correctly loaded on the proposed scales of the original questionnaire Excellent internal consistency and measurement consistency over a one week interval were obtained for all scales (Cronbach's alpha; 087, 83, and 83, and ICC (2, 1); 084, 094, and 089 for depression, anxiety and stress scales, respectively) All three scales were negatively associated with the level of life satisfaction (p < 005) CONCLUSIONS The new Korean version of DASS-21 has shown excellent validity and reliability of measurement in the Korean working population Organizations investigating the prominent health issue of affective disorders in Korean workers can use this instrument with confidence

A systematic review of lost-time injuries in the global mining industry

Abstract: Background Mining is a hazardous occupation with elevated rates of lost-time injury and disability. Objective The purpose of this study is twofold: 1) To identify the type of lost-time injuries in the mining workforce, regardless of the kind of mining and 2) To examine the antecedent factors to the occupational injury (lost-time injuries). Methods We identified and extracted primary papers related to lost-time injuries in the mining sector by conducting a systematic search of the electronic literature in the eight health and related databases. Results We critically reviewed nine articles in the mining sector that examined lost-time injuries. Musculoskeletal injuries (hand, back, limbs, fractures, lacerations and muscle contusions), slips and falls were identified as types of lost-time injuries. The review identified the following antecedent factors related to lost-time injuries: the mining work environment (underground mining), being male, age, working with mining equipment, organizational size, falling objects, disease status, job training and lack of occupational safety management teams, recovery time, social supports, access to health services, pre-injury health status and susceptibility to injury. Discussions The mining sector is a hazardous environment that increases workers' susceptibility to occupational injuries. There is a need to create and implement monitoring systems of lost-time injuries to implement prevention programs.

A scoping review on smart mobile devices and physical strain

Abstract: Background Smart mobile devices gain increasing importance at work. Integrating these smart mobile devices into the workplace creates new opportunities and challenges for occupational health and safety. Objectives Therefore the aim of the following scoping review was to identify ergonomic challenges with the use of smart mobile devices at work with respect to physical problems. Method A review of 36 papers based on literature including January 2016 was conducted. Results Biomechanical measures in the reviewed studies demonstrated i.e., head flexion angles exceeding 20° in 20 out of 26 different conditions described. Furthermore, laterally deviated wrists were frequently noted and thumb and finger flexor muscle activities generally greater than 5% MVC were reported. Conclusion The reviewed literature indicated an elevated biomechanical risk, especially for the neck, the wrists and thumb. This was due to poor posture, ongoing and intermitted muscle tension, and/or repetitive movements. Papers addressing specific risks for smartphone and tablet use in different work environments are scarce. As the technology, as well as the use of smart mobile devices is rapidly changing, further research, especially for prolonged periods in the workplace is needed.

Differences in posture kinematics between using a tablet, a laptop, and a desktop computer in sitting and in standing.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Alternative methods of accessing the internet and performing computing-related work tasks are becoming common, e.g., using tablets or standing workstations. Few studies examine postural differences while using these alternative methods. OBJECTIVE To assess neck and upper limb kinematics while using a tablet, laptop and desktop computer (sitting and standing). METHODS Differences in neck flexion/extension, lateral flexion, rotation; elbow flexion/extension; wrist flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation; and shoulder elevation in 30 participants were assessed in four conditions, three in sitting (tablet, laptop and desktop computer) and one in standing (desktop computer). Three-dimensional motion capture recorded posture variables during an editing task. Differences between variables were determined using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests. RESULTS Compared to the desktop (sitting), tablet and laptop use resulted in increased neck flexion (mean difference tablet 16.92°, 95% CI 12.79-21.04; laptop 10.92, 7.86-13.97, P < 0.001) and shoulder elevation (right; tablet 10.29, 5.27-15.11; laptop 7.36, 3.72-11.01, P < 0.001). There were no meaningful posture differences between the sitting and standing desktop. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that using a tablet or laptop may increase neck flexion, potentially increasing posture strain. Regular users of tablets/laptops should consider adjustments in their posture, however, further research is required to determine whether posture adjustments prevent or reduce musculoskeletal symptoms.

Work-related threats and violence in human service sectors: The importance of the psycho-social work environment examined in a multilevel prospective study.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Threats and violence at work are major concerns for employees in many human service sectors. The prevention of work-related violence is a major challenge for employees and management. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify prospective associations between psycho-social work environment and work-related threats and violence in four high risk human service sectors. METHODS Questionnaire data was collected from 3011 employees working at psychiatric wards, in the elder sector, in the Prison and Probation Service and at Special Schools. Associations between psycho-social work environment and work-related violence and threats were then studied using a one-year follow-up design and multilevel logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The analyses showed that quantitative demands, high emotional demands, low level of influence over own work-situation, low predictability, low rewards at work, low role clarity, many role conflicts, many work-family conflicts and low organizational justice had statistically significant associations with high levels of work-related threats. Furthermore, high emotional demands, low predictability, low role clarity, many role conflicts, many work-family conflicts, low supervisor quality and low support from nearest supervisor had statistically significant associations with high levels of work-related violence. Finally, across the four sectors both similar and different associations between psycho-social work environment and work-related violence and threats were found. CONCLUSION The results of the study underline the importance of including the psycho-social work environment as a supplement to existing violence prevention methods and interventions aimed at reducing work-related violence and threats.

The impact of visible and invisible symptoms on employment status, work and social functioning in Multiple Sclerosis.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Frequently diagnosed in young adulthood, multiple sclerosis (MS) and several MS-related factors can influence patients' unemployment status and negatively affect work productivity and daily functioning. OBJECTIVE We examined MS patients' employment status and evaluated clinical features influencing it. Furthermore, we investigated patients' burdens due to visible and invisible MS symptoms through their worsening daily functioning. METHODS The study included outpatients affected by MS according to the 2010 McDonald criteria. The co-occurrence of invisible symptoms (fatigue, depression and apathy) was stated using validated, self-administered tools: Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS); Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II); Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). Impairment in daily functioning due to MS was assessed using the Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS). Descriptive statistics, hierarchical regression analyses, Pearson's correlation, and the t-test were conducted. RESULTS Of the 123 participants, 52 (42.3%) were unemployed. Results showed employment to be positively associated with higher education levels (p 0.01); female gender (p 0.03) and higher disability (p 0.02) showed negative associations with employment. No associations were found between employment and fatigue or clinically relevant depressive and apathetic symptoms. High correlations were found between WSAS score and Expanded Disability Status Scale score (r = 565, p < 0.001), BDI-II score (r = 588, p < 0.001), and FSS score (r = 545, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study revealed physical disability's significance in determining MS patients' unemployment. Alternatively, invisible MS symptoms negatively affected principally patients' social lives. Therefore, programs should be designed to improve MS patients' work integration and daily activities.

Evidence-based intraoperative microbreak activities for reducing musculoskeletal injuries in the operating room.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Neuromusculoskeletal pain and fatigue have been self-reported by over 70% surgeons who perform minimally invasive surgery (MIS). These problems can become impairments impacting surgical performance, patient outcomes, and career longevity. Human factors engineering has identified microbreaks coupled with activities as a viable strategy to counteract known physical, cognitive, and environmental stressors as well as mitigate neuromusculoskeletal (NMS) problems for workers in office and manufacturing domains. OBJECTIVE Develop a novel set of intraoperative surgical microbreaks activities tailored for MIS surgeons to mitigate surgery-induced neuromusculoskeletal fatigue and pain. METHODS Using NSM problems identified by practitioners and literature, a clinician determined causes and solutions and ranked them based on literature and clinical expertise. Solutions were incorporated into synchronized activities that addressed overarching goals and multiple tissues. RESULTS The resulting activities, translating contemporary science in clinical physical medicine and rehabilitation practice and tissue biomechanics, specifically address the overarching goals of: 1) posture correction; 2) normalization of tissue tension and soft tissue mobility/gliding; and 3) relaxation/stress reduction. CONCLUSION Surgeons can perform the activities in approximately one minute inside the sterile field. Movements encompassing multiple requirements and engaging multiple body segments are combined to provide an efficient and effective intervention to the target tissues.

Prevalence rate of neck, shoulder and lower back pain in association with age, body mass index and gender among Malaysian office workers.

Abstract: Background Malaysian office workers often experience Musculoskeletal Discomfort (MSD) which is typically related to the low back, shoulders, and neck. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence of lower back, shoulder, and neck pain among Malaysian office workers. Methods 752 subjects (478 women and 274 men) were randomly selected from the Malaysian office workers population of 10,000 individuals. The participants were aged between 20-50 years and had at least one year of work experience. All participants completed the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ). Instructions to complete the questinnaire were given to the participants under the researchers supervision in the morning before they started a day of work. The participants were then classified into four categories based on body mas index (BMI) (BMI:≤18.4, 18.5-24.99, 25-29.99, ≥30) and age (Age: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, ≥50). Results There was a significant association between pain severity in gender and right (p = 0.046) and left (p = 0.041) sides of the shoulders. There was also a significant association between BMI and severity of pain in the lower back area (p = 0.047). It was revealed that total pain score in the shoulders was significantly associated with age (p = 0.041). Conclusions The results of this study demonstrated that a significant correlation existed between pain servity for gender in both right and left shoulder. These findings require further scientific investigation as do the identification of effective preventative stratgies.

Study-related mental health symptoms and their correlates among allied health professions students.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Allied health professions (AHP) students are subject to critical levels of study-related stressors including mental health symptoms (MHS) and musculoskeletal pain. Few studies recruited AHP students of multiple academic majors simultaneously. OBJECTIVES This study investigated and compared the prevalence of MHS severity and their associated factors among students of nine AHP majors. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used with a sample of nine AHP academic majors (n = 838). Participants completed a validated self-administered questionnaire that included demographics and life style, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21), and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. MHS scores were statistically compared between males and females and between majors. A general linear model (GLM) multivariate procedure was used to assess the statistical associations between MHS and their correlates. RESULTS Mild to extremely severe MHS levels were found in 62.2% of the participants for depression, 65.3% for anxiety, and 54.2% for stress. Compared to males, females showed significantly higher levels of stress (p < 0.01) and depression (p = 0.018). MHS were statistically associated with gender, physical health, diet quality, study difficulty, satisfaction with academic major, academic major and musculoskeletal pain. University GPA demonstrated negative significant correlations with MHS. CONCLUSIONS MHS in AHP students are prevalent and should be accounted for by AHP educators. More studies are encouraged to assess actual mechanisms causing MHS among AHP students, and effective treatment programs are needed.

Should I stay or should I go? A prospective investigation examining individual factors impacting employment status among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Abstract: BACKGROUND Rates of unemployment among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) are as high as 80%. While several factors for such high rates of unemployment have been identified, they do not account for the majority of the variance. OBJECTIVE This study examines person-specific factors such as personality and coping, which may better account for individuals leaving the workforce. METHOD Forty individuals with MS (20 considering reducing work hours or leaving the workforce and 20 remaining employed) were matched on age, gender, education, disease duration, and disease course, and administered a comprehensive survey of factors purported to be related to employment status. RESULTS Based on multiple, logistic regression analyses certain disease factors and person-specific factors differentiate those who are considering leaving work or reducing work hours and those staying employed. In particular, those expressing the need to reduce work hours or leaving the workforce reported more fatigue, anxiety, depression, and use of behavioral disengagement as a means of coping. In contrast, those staying employed reported greater levels of extraversion, self-efficacy, and use of humor as a means of coping. Together, fatigue, use of humor, and use of behavioral disengagement as a means of coping were the most significant factors, accounting for 44% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that greater consideration be given to these factors and that interventions tailored to address these factors may assist individuals with MS staying employed and/or making appropriate accommodations.

Managers’ attitudes to their older employees - a cross-sectional study

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Societal interest in enabling older workers to prolong their working life has increased in recent years due to demographic change. Managers have a key role in extending working life among employees, because they control the organisation, work environment and potential measures enabling older workers to extend their working life. OBJECTIVE: To examine managers' attitudes to their older workers. METHOD: A cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire answered by 905 managers working in different municipal departments in Sweden. RESULTS: Managers' attitude to their older workers' retirement time appeared to be associated with their own retirement planning. Managers who themselves wanted to work beyond 66 years considered it more important to keep older workers beyond that age than managers planning to retire at 66. The managers reported that older people were more careful, possessed experiences, skills and life knowledge that were useful in the workplace and helped guide new employees and younger employees. On the other hand, the majority of managers agreed with the stereotypical claim that older people are slower, resistant to change, less well educated and hostile to technology. CONCLUSION: The study stated that the managers' attitude to their own retirement planning affected their attitude to the retirement age for their older employees. This is important to consider in the debate of delayed retirement, and to perform activities and incentives in the society to change those attitudes if more people should get the possibility to an extended working life. Additional, almost 50% of the managers surveyed recognised possible measures for adapting work tasks to suit their ageing employees. However, only 5% of managers reported the existence of organisational measures targeted at promoting a sustainable work situation for older employees in their municipal department. The managers were interested in retaining older employees mainly if those older employees had some specific skills that were needed by the department, and not in general. (Less)

Work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders in the United States: 2006, 2009, and 2014 National Health Interview Survey.

Abstract: Background The annual incidence rate of work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (WUEMSDs) is increasing in US workers according to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). However, the prevalence of WUEMSDs among US total workers has not been estimated. Objective We aimed to estimate the prevalence of WUEMSDs among US total workers and among each of major occupations and industries. Methods We analyzed data from the National Health Interview Survey Arthritis supplements (2006, 2009, and 2014) among 50,218 current workers (age ≥18 years) to estimate the 30-day prevalence of WUEMSDs and of WUEMSDs affecting work using the SAS-callable SUDAAN software. Results About 11.2 million workers reported WUEMSDs based on three surveys (2006, 2009, and 2014). The 30-day prevalence of WUEMSDs was 8.23% the prevalence of WUEMSDs affecting work was 1.24%. The Construction occupation and industry had the highest age- and sex-adjusted 30-day prevalence of WUEMSDs (10.98% for Construction occupation; 9.94% for Construction industry) and WUEMSDs affecting work (3.32% for Construction occupation; 2.31% Construction industry). Conclusions Our results show that construction workers had the highest prevalence of both WUEMSDs and WUEMSDs affecting work. They may be a priority group for interventions to reduce upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders.

Workplace relationships impact self-rated health: A survey of Swedish municipal health care employees.

Abstract: Background: The impact of positive social relationships on the health of municipal employees in the elder care sector in Sweden needs further examination. OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between health and relationships among elderly care employees using a salutogenic perspective. METHOD: Survey of all employees (n = 997) in special housing, home care and Disabled Support and Services in a Swedish municipality. The questionnaire, which had a salutogenic perspective, included information on self-rated health from the previously validated SHIS (Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale), psychosocial work environment and experiences, social climate, and health-promoting workplace relationships. RESULTS: The response rate was 69%. Results of a multivariable linear regression model showed four significant predictors of health: general work experiences, colleague belongingness and positive relationships with managers and care recipients. In another model, colleague belongingness was significantly related to satisfaction with care recipients, work, length of employment as well as general work experiences and relationships with managers. CONCLUSION: Strengthening of positive work relationships, not only between workmates but also with managers and care recipients, seems to be an essential area for employee health promotion. Colleague belongingness may be deepened by development of a positive work climate, including satisfactory work experiences, positive manager relationships and a stable work force. (Less)

Psychosocial risks, burnout and intention to quit following the introduction of new software at work

Abstract: BACKGROUND Despite a rich literature on association between psychosocial factors, the demand-control-support (DCS) model and burnout, there are few integrated frameworks encompassing the DCS model, burnout and intention to quit, particularly in a technological context. OBJECTIVE This manuscript examines the relationships between psychosocial risks, the demand-control-support (DCS) model, burnout syndrome and intention to quit following the introduction of new software at work. METHODS Data was collected from agents and advisors working at a Canadian university and using newstudy management software. An online questionnaire was sent via the university's internal mail. Finally, 112 people completed the online survey for a response rate of 60.9% . RESULTS The results of structural equation modeling show that psychological demands, decision latitude and social support are associated with burnout. It is also clear that burnout, in particular depersonalization and emotional exhaustion, is positively associated with intention to quit. CONCLUSIONS The few studies that raise the negative consequences of technology on quality of life in the workplace, and particularly on health, have not succeeded in establishing a direct link between a deterioration of health and the use of technology. This is due to the fact that there are few epidemiological studies on the direct consequences of the use of ITC on health.

How do supervisors perceive and manage employee mental health issues in their workplaces

Abstract: Background Organizations have become increasingly concerned about mental health issues in the workplace as the economic and social costs of the problem continue to grow. Addressing employees' mental health problems and the stigma that accompanies them often falls to supervisors, key people in influencing employment pathways and the social climate of the workplace. Objective This study examines how supervisors experience and perceive mental illness and stigma in their workplaces. It was conducted under the mandate of the Mental Health Commission of Canada's Opening Minds initiative. Methods The study was informed by a theoretical framework of stigma in the workplace and employed a qualitative approach. Eleven supervisors were interviewed and data were analyzed for major themes using established procedures for conventional content analysis. Results Themes relate to: perceptions of the supervisory role relative to managing mental health problems at the workplace; supervisors' perceptions of mental health issues at the workplace; and supervisors' experiences of managing mental health issues at work. The research reveals the tensions supervisors experience as they carry out responsibilities that are meant to benefit both the individual and workplace, and protect their own well-being as well. Conclusion This study emphasizes the salience of stigma and mental health issues for the supervisor's role and illustrates the ways in which these issues intersect with the work of supervisors. It points to the need for future research and training in areas such as balancing privacy and supports, tailoring disclosure processes to suit individuals and workplaces, and managing self-care in the workplace.

A literature review of anthropometric studies of school students for ergonomics purposes: Are accuracy, precision and reliability being considered?

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite offering many benefits, direct manual anthropometric measurement method can be problematic due to their vulnerability to measurement errors. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this literature review was to determine, whether or not the currently published anthropometric studies of school children, related to ergonomics, mentioned or evaluated the variables precision, reliability and/or accuracy in the direct manual measurement method. METHODS: Two bibliographic databases, and the bibliographic references of all the selected papers were used for finding relevant published papers in the fields considered in this study. RESULTS: Forty-six (46) studies met the criteria previously defined for this literature review. However, only ten (10) studies mentioned at least one of the analyzed variables, and none has evaluated all of them. Only reliability was assessed by three papers. Moreover, in what regards the factors that affect precision, reliability and accuracy, the reviewed papers presented large differences. This was particularly clear in the instruments used for the measurements, which were not consistent throughout the studies. Additionally, it was also clear that there was a lack of information regarding the evaluators’ training and procedures for anthropometric data collection, which are assumed to be the most important issues that affect precision, reliability and accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results it was possible to conclude that the considered anthropometric studies had not focused their attention to the analysis of precision, reliability and accuracy of the manual measurement methods. Hence, and with the aim of avoiding measurement errors and misleading data, anthropometric studies should put more efforts and care on testing measurement error and defining the procedures used to collect anthropometric data.

A qualitative investigation of factors influencing unsafe work behaviors on construction projects.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Unsafe behavior is an important component in the chain of accident occurrences, and thus plays a key role in the accident prevention programs in construction sites. OBJECTIVE The aim of this qualitative research is to study the perception of frontline workers, supervisors, and managers about the preconditions of and contributing factors to unsafe behaviors in civil engineering projects. METHODS Field observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion are conducted with 113 informants from various mega projects during a 2-year time period. Fishbone diagram is applied to describe a conceptual model. RESULTS The results point to fourteen themes within four categories of the conceptual model - general management, organizational factors, safety supervision and management, and individual characteristics. CONCLUSIONS General management and organizational culture were introduced as important preconditions and contributing factors resulting in human error and unsafe behavior in the construction sites. The fishbone diagram reveals the sequence and interaction of preconditions and contributing factors. The key contributing factors and their influences on unsafe behaviors are discussed along with recommendations for future directions.