Book ChapterDOI
1 – Organophosphorus Compounds: An Overview
Howard W. Chambers
- pp 3-17
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The article was published on 1992-01-01. It has received 134 citations till now.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review of the toxicology of chlorpyrifos with an emphasis on human exposure and neurodevelopment.
David L. Eaton,Robert B. Daroff,Herman Autrup,James W. Bridges,Patricia A. Buffler,Lucio G. Costa,Joseph T. Coyle,Guy M. McKhann,William C. Mobley,Lynn Nadel,Diether Neubert,Rolf Schulte-Hermann,Peter S. Spencer +12 more
TL;DR: The results of this review demonstrate that the use of urinary 3,5,6-trichlorpyridinol (TCPy), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos as a biomarker of nonoccupational exposure is problematic and may overestimate non Occupational exposures to chlorparyifos by 10-to 20-fold because of the widespread presence of both TCPy and chlorp Pyrifos-methyl in the food supply.
Journal ArticleDOI
Common mechanism of toxicity : A case study of organophosphorus pesticides
B. E. Mileson,Janice E. Chambers,W. Chen,Wolf D. Dettbarn,Marion Ehrich,Amira T. Eldefrawi,David W. Gaylor,Karen Hamernik,Ernest Hodgson,Alexander G. Karczmar,Stephanie Padilla,Carey Pope,Ruby J. Richardson,Donald R. Saunders,Larry P. Sheets,Lester G. Sultatos,Kendall B. Wallace +16 more
TL;DR: A group of experts convened to examine scientific questions using the organophosphorus (OP) pesticides as the case study concluded that OP pesticides act by a common mechanism of toxicity if they inhibit acetylcholinesterase by phosphorylation and elicit any spectrum of cholinergic effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mammalian toxicology of organophosphorus pesticides
TL;DR: The known effects, both cholinergic and noncholinergic, of organophosphorus pesticides in mammals are summarized, since this process plays a critical role in mediating the acute toxicities of many of these pesticides.
Journal ArticleDOI
The synergistic toxicity of pesticide mixtures: implications for risk assessment and the conservation of endangered Pacific salmon.
Cathy A. Laetz,David H. Baldwin,Tracy K. Collier,Vincent R. Hebert,John D. Stark,Nathaniel L. Scholz +5 more
TL;DR: Single-chemical risk assessments are likely to underestimate the impacts of these insecticides on salmon in river systems where mixtures occur, and mixtures of pesticides that have been commonly reported in salmon habitats may pose a more important challenge for species recovery than previously anticipated.
Journal Article
Metabolism of chlorpyrifos by human cytochrome P450 isoforms and human, mouse, and rat liver microsomes.
Jun Tang,Yan Cao,Randy L. Rose,Alan A. Brimfield,Diana Dai,Joyce A. Goldstein,Ernest Hodgson +6 more
TL;DR: Differences between individuals suggest that differential sensitivities to CPS may exist in the human population, and predictions of metabolic activation and/or detoxication could be made based on relative amounts of CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 in the microsomes.