Showing papers in "Toxicological Sciences in 1998"

TL;DR: DBP specifically impaired the androgen-dependent development of the male reproductive tract, suggesting that DBP is not estrogenic but antiandrogenic in the rat at these high dose levels.

TL;DR: A group of experts convened to examine scientific questions using the organophosphorus (OP) pesticides as the case study concluded that OP pesticides act by a common mechanism of toxicity if they inhibit acetylcholinesterase by phosphorylation and elicit any spectrum of cholinergic effects.

TL;DR: The increased methylation in late gestation was associated with lower arsenic concentrations in blood and higher concentrations in urine, compared with a few months postpartum, and may indicate that methylation of arsenic is increased during pregnancy and that DMA is the major form of arsenic transferred to the fetus.

TL;DR: The results suggest that at the intakes observed in this study, the chronic ingestion of uranium in drinking water affects kidney function and that the proximal tubule, rather than the glomerulus, is the site for this interference.

TL;DR: Results indicate that only selected phthalate esters exhibit weak ER-mediated activity in some in vitro assays at high concentrations but none of the eight phthalates elicited in vivo estrogenic responses based upon results obtained from uterotrophic and vaginal cornification assays.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that PEG-linked proteins have the capacity to induce renal tubular vacuolation at high doses and that TNF-bp is filtered through the glomerulus and that the protein with attached PEG is reabsorbed by the proximal tubules.

TL;DR: Liver toxicity was distinctly more severe in females than in males, and the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms was highly sex-dependent (females > males), differed between Aroclor mixtures and, for females, increased with dose and followed the general incidence pattern.

TL;DR: Histopathological lesions were observed in the kidney and liver, in both males and females, in all groups including the lowest exposure groups, since adverse renal lesions were seen in the lowest exposed groups in this study.

TL;DR: ROFA-induced in vivo acute pulmonary inflammation appears to be associated with its water-leachable V content; however, protein leakage appears to have been associated withIts water- Leachable Ni content.

TL;DR: The use of Ah-receptor binding and its associated biological effects to assess the total toxicity of PCBs may no longer be defensible because of the actions produced by non-coplanar congeners, and this symposium provides documentation for that conclusion.

TL;DR: Substantial cardiac effects in normal and compromised rats after exposure to ROFA PM are demonstrated and implicate both conductive and hypoxemic arrhythmogenic mechanisms in the observed cardiac-related lethalities.

TL;DR: The results support the previous findings of p,p'-DDE antiandrogenicity in LE rats, extend the findings to SD rats, and suggest that the developmental effects of the chemical on male rat sexual differentiation are minimal at maternal doses below 10 mg/kg/day.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that hypothyroxinemia is involved in PCB-induced alterations in motor and auditory function is suggested, while other effects appear to have a different mechanism of action.

TL;DR: Differences in detoxifying enzymes correlate with the age-related differences in behavioral and biochemical effects, as well as the gender differences seen in adult rats, and thus may be a major influence on the differential sensitivity to chlorpyrifos.

TL;DR: The results suggest that ormaplatin is uniquely neurotoxic immediately following treatment in the Wistar rat model, however, following an 8-week recovery period both orma platin and oxaliplatin are more neurotoxic than cisplatin and this neurotoxicity correlates with a greater retention of platinum by the DRG.

TL;DR: The results indicate that exposure of mothers to moderate levels of lead produces chronic immune modulation in their F344 rat offspring exposed in utero, consistent with the possibility that lead may bias T helper subset development and/or function, resulting in alterations in the balance among type 1 and type 2 immune responses.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the mechanism of protection ofAfB1-induced maternal and developmental toxicities in the rat may involve adsorption and reduction of AfB1 bioavailability in vivo, demonstrating the potential for significant hidden risks associated with the inclusion of nonselective aflatoxin binders in feeds.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that oral probenecid coadministration protects against the morphological evidence of nephrotoxicity and the accompanying decrease in renal clearance in monkeys receiving chronic intravenous cidofovir treatment.

TL;DR: This 90-day/one-generation reproduction study with 17 beta-estradiol was designed to set dose levels for future multigenerational reproduction and combined chronic toxicity/oncogenicity studies, and to provide benchmark data for a risk assessment for chemicals with estrogen-like activities.

TL;DR: There is clear evidence that Styrene does not induce cancer in rats and there was no evidence that styrene exposure caused treatment-related increases of any tumor type in males or females or in the number of tumor-bearing rats in the exposed groups compared to controls.

TL;DR: Data indicate that Cd-induced renal injury is not necessarily mediated through the CdMT complex and that MT is an important intracellular protein in protecting against chronic Cd nephrotoxicity.

TL;DR: Quantitative analysis of the results suggests that in vivo sequestration of soman, and presumably other OPs, by exogenously administered HuBChE is independent of the species used or the route of challenge entry, which significantly expands the database of the bioscavenger strategy that now offers a dependable extrapolation from animals to human.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the environmental toxicant Pb can modify immune reactivities by significantly altering the differentiation of precursor or naive Th cells as well as by directly inhibiting Th1 cells and stimulating Th2 cells.

TL;DR: Three frequently used and cited formulas used to rate correct the QT interval (Bazett's, Fridericia's, and Van de Water's) were compared and ranked using a large population-based cohort of beagle dogs and analysis of covariance was used to derive a flexible method.

TL;DR: The results suggest that drug-endobiotic interactions are possible in humans and may have implication in carcinogenesis and 2-hydroxycatechol estrogens react with separate active sites of UGT1A3.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that low levels of LPS exposure by inhalation induce a strong PMN response and a selective cytokine response in the lung, supporting the hypothesis that PMNs may regulate inflammatory processes via cytokine and chemokine response.

TL;DR: It appears that the cellular levels of GSH, but not MT gene expression, play an important role in resistance to arsenic toxicity and aberrant gene activation, which might contribute to subsequent transformation.

TL;DR: The authors examined the structure-activity relationship for disposition of polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in female B6C3F1 mice following subchronic exposures.

TL;DR: No changes considered to be due to the administration of DEHP were noted in blood chemical examination or pathological examination of other organs; also, no changes were observed in testes weight, testicular zinc level, blood levels of testosterone and estradiol, pancreas weight, andBlood levels of cholecystokinin.

TL;DR: The data demonstrate that in utero and postnatal dietary administration of 17 beta-estradiol at levels which increased serum estradiol levels to approximately 400% of control and decreased testosterone levels to 33% ofControl did not reduce the number of Sertoli cell nuclei per testis.