Journal ArticleDOI
A microscope for hard x rays based on parabolic compound refractive lenses
Bruno Lengeler,Christian G. Schroer,M. Richwin,J. Tümmler,Michael Drakopoulos,Anatoly Snigirev,Irina Snigireva +6 more
TLDR
In this article, refractive x-ray lenses with a parabolic profile are described, similar to glass lenses for visible light, which can operate in the range from 2 to 50 degrees of freedom, allowing for magnifications up to 50.Abstract:
We describe refractive x-ray lenses with a parabolic profile that are genuine imaging devices, similar to glass lenses for visible light. They open considerable possibilities in x-ray microscopy, tomography, microanalysis, and coherent scattering. Based on these lenses a microscope for hard x rays is described, that can operate in the range from 2 to 50 keV, allowing for magnifications up to 50. At present, it is possible to image an area of about 300 μm in diameter with a resolving power of 0.3 μm that can be increased to 0.1 μm. This microscope is especially suited for opaque samples, up to 1 cm in thickness, which do not tolerate sample preparation, like many biological and soil specimens.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Three-dimensional X-ray structural microscopy with submicrometre resolution
TL;DR: A three-dimensional X-ray microscopy technique that uses polychromatic synchrotron X-rays to probe local crystal structure, orientation and strain tensors with submicrometre spatial resolution is described, applicable to single-crystal, polycrystalline, composite and functionally graded materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Imaging by parabolic refractive lenses in the hard X-ray range
Bruno Lengeler,Christian G. Schroer,J. Tümmler,Boris Benner,M. Richwin,Anatoly Snigirev,Irina Snigireva,Michael Drakopoulos +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the manufacture and properties of compound refractive lenses (CRLs) for hard X-rays with parabolic profile are described and a theory for imaging an X-ray source and an object illuminated by it has been developed, including the effects of attenuation (photoabsorption and Compton scattering) and of the roughness at the lens surface.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent developments in X-ray imaging with micrometer spatial resolution.
T. Martin,Andreas Koch +1 more
TL;DR: The first fast microtomography experiment including radiation hardness of the optic is shown, which uses a high-intensity white beam with 60 keV effective energy and a fast CCD camera at up to 60 frames s(-1).
Journal ArticleDOI
X-ray nanotomography
TL;DR: In this paper, the X-ray nanotomography is used to reconstruct a virtual three-dimensional copy of the object from two-dimensional images of the same object from a range of imaging modalities and length scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Focusing hard x rays to nanometer dimensions by adiabatically focusing lenses.
TL;DR: This work addresses the question of what is the smallest spot size that hard x rays can be focused to using refractive optics, and considers a thick refractive x-ray lens whose aperture is gradually (adiabatically) adapted to the size of the beam as it converges to the focus.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A compound refractive lens for focusing high-energy X-rays
TL;DR: In this article, a simple procedure for fabricating refractive lenses that are effective for focusing of X-rays in the energy range 5-40 keV is described, and the problem associated with absorption is minimized by fabricating the lenses from low-atomic-weight materials.
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X-ray imaging with submicrometer resolution employing transparent luminescent screens
TL;DR: In this article, an x-ray detector based on a transparent, i.e., nonscattering, luminescent screen has been developed for phase contrast imaging and microtomography.
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Transmission and gain of singly and doubly focusing refractive x-ray lenses
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have calculated the transmission and gain for linear lens arrays, for crossed linear arrays, and for doubly focusing lenses with parabolic profile, and showed that the gain of the lenses can be as high as 5000 and more, i.e., the intensity in the focal spot can be 5000 times higher than that behind a pinhole of size equal to the spot size.
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Compound refractive optics for the imaging and focusing of low-energy neutrons
Morten Eskildsen,Peter Ledel Gammel,E. D. Isaacs,Carsten Detlefs,Kell Mortensen,David J. Bishop +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a compound refractive lens (CRL) for high-energy X-rays was designed and tested for 9-20-A neutrons by using readily available optical components: their CRL has gains greater than 15 and focal lengths of 1-6m.
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X-ray microprobe using multilayer mirrors
TL;DR: In this article, the design considerations for an X-ray microprobe, and summarizes experience with prototypes tested at both SSRL and NSLS, are discussed. But the performance of the proposed system is limited by optical aberrations and other factors.