Journal ArticleDOI
A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability.
Charles J. Sniffen,J D O'Connor,P.J. Van Soest,Danny G. Fox,James B. Russell,James B. Russell,James B. Russell +6 more
TLDR
The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System has a submodel that predicts rates of feedstuff degradation in the rumen, the passage of undegraded feed to the lower gut, and the amount of ME and protein that is available to the animal.Abstract:
The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a submodel that predicts rates of feedstuff degradation in the rumen, the passage of undegraded feed to the lower gut, and the amount of ME and protein that is available to the animal. In the CNCPS, structural carbohydrate (SC) and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) are estimated from sequential NDF analyses of the feed. Data from the literature are used to predict fractional rates of SC and NSC degradation. Crude protein is partitioned into five fractions. Fraction A is NPN, which is trichloroacetic (TCA) acid-soluble N. Unavailable or protein bound to cell wall (Fraction C) is derived from acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIP), and slowly degraded true protein (Fraction B3) is neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIP) minus Fraction C. Rapidly degraded true protein (Fraction B1) is TCA-precipitable protein from the buffer-soluble protein minus NPN. True protein with an intermediate degradation rate (Fraction B2) is the remaining N. Protein degradation rates are estimated by an in vitro procedure that uses Streptomyces griseus protease, and a curve-peeling technique is used to identify rates for each fraction. The amount of carbohydrate or N that is digested in the rumen is determined by the relative rates of degradation and passage. Ruminal passage rates are a function of DMI, particle size, bulk density, and the type of feed that is consumed (e.g., forage vs cereal grain).read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Different Rumen-degradable Carbohydrates on Rumen Fermentation, Nitrogen Metabolism and actation Performance of Holstein Dairy Cows
TL;DR: Four multiparous lactating Holstein cows fitted with rumen cannulae were fed diets varying in the amount and source of rumen-degradable carbohydrates (starch vs. sucrose) to examine their effects on rumen fermentation, nitrogen metabolism and lactation performance to suggest a more efficient utilization of the rapidly available nitrogen components in the diet and hence improving nitrogen metabolism in the rumen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Avaliação qualitativa da pastagem de capim tanner-grass (Brachiaria arrecta), por três diferentes métodos de amostragem
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes,Antonio Bento Mancio,Rogério de Paula Lana,Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho,Paulo Roberto Cecon,Augusto César de Queiroz,Rodrigo M. da Costa +6 more
TL;DR: It is confirmed that tropical forrages have high cell wall contents and the hand-plucked method can be a satisfactory estimated for the diet select by the cattle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Energy supply of the okapi in captivity: fermentation characteristics of feedstuffs
Jürgen Hummel,Gunther Nogge,Marcus Clauss,Camilla Nørgaard,Kristina Johanson,Joeke Nijboer,Ernst Pfeffer +6 more
TL;DR: Energy-rich constituents for captive ruminant diets should not include larger amounts of vegetables and especially fruits, due to their very fast fermentation during the initial phase of fermentation and the connected risk of rumen acidosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of an in vitro incubation technique for the estimation of the utilizable crude protein (uCP) in feeds for cattle.
Guangyong Zhao,Peter Lebzien +1 more
TL;DR: An in vitro incubation technique based on the first stage of the in vitro digestion technique published by Tilley and Terry (1963) was developed to estimate the utilizable crude protein (uCP) of single feeds and feed mixtures as non ammonia‐N after 24 h of incubation and showed a significant relationship between the uCP values calculated by regression based on in vivo data sets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Harvest period and baking industry residue inclusion on production efficiency and chemical composition of tropical grass silage
J. A. S. Araújo,João Carlos de Carvalho Almeida,Ricardo Andrade Reis,Carlos Augusto Brandão de Carvalho,Rondineli Pavezzi Barbero +4 more
TL;DR: The inclusion of bakery residue decreases effluent production, increases dry matter recovery, and improves the chemical composition of elephant grass silage.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.
TL;DR: In addition to NDF, new improved methods for total dietary fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides including pectin and beta-glucans now are available and are also of interest in rumen fermentation.
Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, prcedures, and some applications)
H.K. Goering,P.J. Van Soest +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation.
TL;DR: The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a kinetic submodel that predicts ruminal fermentation and the protein-sparing effect of ionophores is accommodated by decreasing the rate of peptide uptake by 34%.