Journal ArticleDOI
A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability.
Charles J. Sniffen,J D O'Connor,P.J. Van Soest,Danny G. Fox,James B. Russell,James B. Russell,James B. Russell +6 more
TLDR
The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System has a submodel that predicts rates of feedstuff degradation in the rumen, the passage of undegraded feed to the lower gut, and the amount of ME and protein that is available to the animal.Abstract:
The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a submodel that predicts rates of feedstuff degradation in the rumen, the passage of undegraded feed to the lower gut, and the amount of ME and protein that is available to the animal. In the CNCPS, structural carbohydrate (SC) and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) are estimated from sequential NDF analyses of the feed. Data from the literature are used to predict fractional rates of SC and NSC degradation. Crude protein is partitioned into five fractions. Fraction A is NPN, which is trichloroacetic (TCA) acid-soluble N. Unavailable or protein bound to cell wall (Fraction C) is derived from acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIP), and slowly degraded true protein (Fraction B3) is neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIP) minus Fraction C. Rapidly degraded true protein (Fraction B1) is TCA-precipitable protein from the buffer-soluble protein minus NPN. True protein with an intermediate degradation rate (Fraction B2) is the remaining N. Protein degradation rates are estimated by an in vitro procedure that uses Streptomyces griseus protease, and a curve-peeling technique is used to identify rates for each fraction. The amount of carbohydrate or N that is digested in the rumen is determined by the relative rates of degradation and passage. Ruminal passage rates are a function of DMI, particle size, bulk density, and the type of feed that is consumed (e.g., forage vs cereal grain).read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen recovery, use efficiency, dry matter yield, and chemical composition of palisade grass fertilized with nitrogen sources in the Cerrado biome
Elisângela Dupas,Salatiér Buzetti,Flávio Henrique Silveira Rabêlo,André Luís Sarto,Nicole Colombari Cheng,Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho,Fernando Shintate Galindo,Raíssa Perreira Dinalli,Rodolfo de Niro Gazola +8 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Improved Feed Protein Fractionation Schemes for Formulating Rations with the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System
TL;DR: Evaluating the original Cornell Net Carbohydrate Protein System (CNCPS) protein fractionation scheme and developing and evaluating alternatives designed to improve its adequacy in predicting RDP and RUP concluded that implementing alternative 1 or 2 will improve the accuracy of predicting R DP and Rup within the CNCPS framework.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rumen fermentation and rumen microbes in Nellore steers receiving diets with different lipid contents
Juliana Duarte Messana,Telma Teresinha Berchielli,Pedro Braga Arcuri,Ricardo Andrade Reis,Roberta Carrilho Canesin,Andressa Ferreira Ribeiro,Giovani Fiorentini,Juliano José de Resende Fernandes +7 more
TL;DR: An increase in the lipid content of the diet of Nellore steers resulted in similar digestive profiles and fermentation conditions, and the rumen pH decreased quadratically in animals that received the highest dietary lipid content.
Journal ArticleDOI
Grass leaves as potential hominin dietary resources
Oliver C.C. Paine,Abigale Koppa,Amanda G. Henry,Jennifer Leichliter,Daryl Codron,Jacqueline Codron,Joanna E. Lambert,Matt Sponheimer +7 more
TL;DR: Comparing the nutritional and mechanical properties of grass leaves with the plants growing alongside them in African savanna habitats reveals that grass leaves exhibit tremendous variation and suggests that future reconstructions of hominin dietary ecology take a more nuanced approach.
Journal ArticleDOI
Consumo e digestibilidade aparente em bezerros da raça holandesa alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de volumoso
Ricardo Dias Signoretti,José Fernando Coelho da Silva,Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho,José Carlos Pereira,Paulo Roberto Cecon,Augusto César de Queiroz,Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo,Giselle Mariano Lessa de Assis +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of different forage levels in the diet on the intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total carbohydrate (CHO), gross energy (GE), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) was evaluated.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition.
TL;DR: In addition to NDF, new improved methods for total dietary fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides including pectin and beta-glucans now are available and are also of interest in rumen fermentation.
Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, prcedures, and some applications)
H.K. Goering,P.J. Van Soest +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation.
TL;DR: The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) has a kinetic submodel that predicts ruminal fermentation and the protein-sparing effect of ionophores is accommodated by decreasing the rate of peptide uptake by 34%.