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A review of Listeria monocytogenes: An update on outbreaks, virulence, dose-response, ecology, and risk assessments

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TLDR
The recent outbreaks underscored the individual characteristics of specific foods and raised questions about the current understanding of infectivity of lower doses and the susceptibility of specific individuals, and further research is clearly necessary to control this pathogen.
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This article is published in Food Control.The article was published on 2017-05-01 and is currently open access. It has received 562 citations till now.

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A Cross-Protective Vaccine Against 4b and 1/2b Listeria monocytogenes.

TL;DR: This research demonstrates that the triple-genes-deletion vaccine has high safety, can elicit strong Th1 type immune response, and affords efficient cross-protection against two serovar Lm strains, and is a promising vaccine for prevention of listeriosis.
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Mathematical approach for the Listeria monocytogenes inactivation during high hydrostatic pressure processing of a simulated meat medium

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of five factors: pH (4.6-6.6), sodium chloride (NaCl, 0-10%), sodium nitrite (NaNO2, 0−152 ppm), pressure (P, 300-600 MPa), and pressure-holding time (t, 0 −10 min) on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by high hydrostatic pressure processing on a simulated meat medium (SMM) were evaluated and quantified.
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Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes using biofilms of non-pathogenic soil bacteria (Streptomyces spp.) on stainless steel under desiccated condition.

TL;DR: Antilisterial biofilms developed in this study may be applicable on desiccated environmental surfaces in food related environments such as food storage, handling, and processing facilities to enhance the microbiological safety of foods.
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Risk communication strategies (on listeriosis) for high-risk groups

TL;DR: Research efforts are needed in particular experimental studies that can identify which communication factors have a causal effect on peoples’ risk behaviour and how these factors influence the processing of information by consumers.
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Control of Growth and Persistence of Listeria monocytogenes and β-Lactam-Resistant Escherichia coli by Thymol in Food Processing Settings.

TL;DR: The property of thymol to attack L. monocytogenes biofilm formation was observed at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, corresponding to 1/4 MIC, by using a stainless-steel model to simulate the surfaces in food industries.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States—Major Pathogens

TL;DR: Each year, 31 pathogens caused 9.4 million episodes of foodborne illness, resulting in 55,961 hospitalizations and 1,351 deaths in the United States.
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EFSA and ECDC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control), 2015. The European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Food-borne Outbreaks in 2013

Efsa Journal
TL;DR: The European Food Safety Authority and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control have analyzed the information on the occurrence of zoonoses and food-borne outbreaks in 2009 submitted by 27 European Union Member States as mentioned in this paper.
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Listeria monocytogenes virulence and pathogenicity, a food safety perspective.

TL;DR: Current progress in understanding the general features of virulence and pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes is discussed and areas of special relevance to the organism's involvement in human foodborne illness are focused on.
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Control of Listeria monocytogenes in the Food-Processing Environment

TL;DR: The information presented in this paper provides the basis for the establishment of an environmental sampling program, the organization and interpretation of the data generated by this program, and the response to Listeria-positive results.
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Review--Persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in food industry equipment and premises.

TL;DR: It is proposed that there are no strains of Listeria monocytogenes with unique properties that lead to persistence, but harborage sites in food industry premises and equipment where L. monocyTogenes can persist and that when a low initial bacterial charge is applied, early cleaning and disinfection is the only way to avoid persistence.
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