A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and depressive symptoms
Töres Theorell,Töres Theorell,Anne Hammarström,Gunnar Aronsson,Lil Träskman Bendz,Tom Grape,Christer Hogstedt,Ina Marteinsdottir,Ingmar Skoog,Charlotte Hall +9 more
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TLDR
There is substantial empirical evidence that employees, both men and women, who report lack of decision latitude, job strain and bullying, will experience increasing depressive symptoms over time and these conditions are amenable to organizational interventions.Abstract:
Background: Depressive symptoms are potential outcomes of poorly functioning work environments. Such symptoms are frequent and cause considerable suffering for the employees as well as financial loss for the employers. Accordingly good prospective studies of psychosocial working conditions and depressive symptoms are valuable. Scientific reviews of such studies have pointed at methodological difficulties but still established a few job risk factors. Those reviews were published some years ago. There is need for an updated systematic review using the GRADE system. In addition, gender related questions have been insufficiently reviewed. Method: Inclusion criteria for the studies published 1990 to June 2013: 1. European and English speaking countries. 2. Quantified results describing the relationship between exposure (psychosocial or physical/chemical) and outcome (standardized questionnaire assessment of depressive symptoms or interview-based clinical depression). 3. Prospective or comparable case-control design with at least 100 participants. 4. Assessments of exposure (working conditions) and outcome at baseline and outcome (depressive symptoms) once again after follow-up 1-5 years later. 5. Adjustment for age and adjustment or stratification for gender. Studies filling inclusion criteria were subjected to assessment of 1.) relevance and 2.) quality using predefined criteria. Systematic review of the evidence was made using the GRADE system. When applicable, meta-analysis of the magnitude of associations was made. Consistency of findings was examined for a number of possible confounders and publication bias was discussed. Results: Fifty-nine articles of high or medium high scientific quality were included. Moderately strong evidence (grade three out of four) was found for job strain (high psychological demands and low decision latitude), low decision latitude and bullying having significant impact on development of depressive symptoms. Limited evidence (grade two) was shown for psychological demands, effort reward imbalance, low support, unfavorable social climate, lack of work justice, conflicts, limited skill discretion, job insecurity and long working hours. There was no differential gender effect of adverse job conditions on depressive symptomsread more
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A systematic review including meta-analysis of work environment and burnout symptoms
Gunnar Aronsson,Töres Theorell,Töres Theorell,Tom Grape,Anne Hammarström,Christer Hogstedt,Ina Marteinsdottir,Ingmar Skoog,Lil Träskman-Bendz,Charlotte Hall +9 more
TL;DR: While high levels of job support and workplace justice were protective for emotional exhaustion, high demands, low job control, high work load, low reward and job insecurity increased the risk for developing exhaustion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Can work make you mentally ill? A systematic meta-review of work-related risk factors for common mental health problems
Samuel B. Harvey,Matthew Modini,Sadhbh Joyce,Josie S Milligan-Saville,Leona Tan,Arnstein Mykletun,Richard A. Bryant,Helen Christensen,Philip B. Mitchell,Philip B. Mitchell +9 more
TL;DR: The first comprehensive systematic meta-review of the evidence linking work to the development of common mental health problems, specifically depression, anxiety and/or work-related stress is conducted to consider how the risk factors identified may relate to each other.
Journal ArticleDOI
Job strain as a risk factor for clinical depression: systematic review and meta-analysis with additional individual participant data
Ida E. H. Madsen,Solja T. Nyberg,L. L. Magnusson Hanson,Jane E. Ferrie,Kirsi Ahola,Lars Alfredsson,G. D. Batty,Jakob B. Bjorner,M. Borritz,Hermann Burr,J.-F. Chastang,R. de Graaf,Nico Dragano,Mark Hamer,Markus Jokela,Anders Knutsson,Markku Koskenvuo,Aki Koskinen,Constanze Leineweber,I. Niedhammer,Martin L. Nielsen,Maria Nordin,Tuula Oksanen,Jan H. Pejtersen,Jaana Pentti,Inger Plaisier,Paula Salo,Paula Salo,Archana Singh-Manoux,Sakari Suominen,M. ten Have,T. Theorell,Salla Toppinen-Tanner,Jussi Vahtera,Ari Väänänen,Peter Westerholm,Hugo Westerlund,Eleonor I. Fransson,Katriina Heikkilä,Katriina Heikkilä,Marianna Virtanen,Reiner Rugulies,Mika Kivimäki +42 more
TL;DR: Job strain may precipitate clinical depression among employees and future intervention studies should test whether job strain is a modifiable risk factor for depression.
Research report Job strain, burnout, and depressive symptoms: A prospective study among dentists
Kirsi Ahola,Jari Hakanen +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated whether burnout mediates the association between job strain and depressive symptoms and found that there is a reciprocal relationship between burnout and depression through burnout.
Journal ArticleDOI
What we know, what we do not know, and what we should and could have known about workplace bullying: an overview of the literature and agenda for future research
TL;DR: Workplace bullying is now a phenomenon of global interest, new topics are steadily emerging within the field, and the methodological quality of the studies has become more sophisticated as mentioned in this paper, building on findings from the ever increasing number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in this field.
References
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Book
Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction Of Working Life
Robert Karasek,Töres Theorell +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a strategy for redesigning jobs to reduce unnecessary stress and improve productivity and job satisfaction is proposed, which is based on the concept of job redesigning and re-designing.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reducing work related psychological ill health and sickness absence: a systematic literature review
Susan Michie,Siân Williams +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that many of the work related variables associated with high levels of psychological ill health are potentially amenable to change and shown in intervention studies that have successfully improved psychological health and reduced sickness absence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychosocial work environment and stress-related disorders, a systematic review
TL;DR: Strong evidence was found that high job demands, low job control, low co-worker support, high supervisor support, low procedural justice, low relational justice and a high effort-reward imbalance predicted the incidence of SRDs.