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Journal ArticleDOI

Aging of a Commercial Graphite/LiFePO4 Cell

TLDR
In this article, the aging behavior of a commercial 2.3 Ah graphite/LFP cell during a year of cycling or storage at either 25 or 45 C was investigated, and the performance decline of the cells during the aging period was monitored by non-destructive electrochemical techniques and discussed in detail.
Abstract
The aging behavior of a commercial 2.3 Ah graphite/LFP cell during a year of cycling or storage at either 25 or 45 � C is investigated. The performance decline of the cells during the aging period is monitored by non-destructive electrochemical techniques and is discussed in detail. An in-depth analysis of the aging results reveals that aging manifests itself more in terms of capacity loss rather than in terms of impedance increase, regardless of the cycling or storage conditions and of the temperature. The capacity fade is larger at 45 � C than at 25 � C, regardless of the cycling or storage conditions, and at a same temperature, cycling conditions are always more detrimental to capacity fade than storage conditions. The loss of cyclable lithium is identified as the main source of capacity fade in all cases, and for the cells aged at 45 � C, a partial loss of graphite active material is suspected as

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Journal ArticleDOI

A review on lithium-ion battery ageing mechanisms and estimations for automotive applications

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a summary of techniques, models, and algorithms used for battery ageing estimation, going from a detailed electrochemical approach to statistical methods based on data, and their respective characteristics are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Data-driven prediction of battery cycle life before capacity degradation

TL;DR: In this article, a machine learning method was used to predict battery lifetime before the onset of capacity degradation with high accuracy. But, the prediction often cannot be made unless a battery has already degraded significantly.
Journal ArticleDOI

Experimental investigation of the lithium-ion battery impedance characteristic at various conditions and aging states and its influence on the application

TL;DR: In this paper, a 40 Ah lithium-ion cell with nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathode material was used to investigate the battery impedance and its dependence on the battery state-of-charge (SoC), temperature, current and previous history.
Journal ArticleDOI

Synthesize battery degradation modes via a diagnostic and prognostic model

TL;DR: In this paper, a mechanistic model that can enable battery diagnosis and prognosis is presented, which can simulate various "what-if" scenarios of battery degradation modes via a synthetic approach based on specific electrode behavior with proper adjustment of the loading ratio and the extent of degradation in and between the two electrodes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Phospho‐olivines as Positive‐Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that a reversible loss in capacity with increasing current density appears to be associated with a diffusion-limited transfer of lithium across the two-phase interface.
Journal ArticleDOI

Ageing mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries

TL;DR: In this article, the mechanisms of lithium-ion battery ageing are reviewed and evaluated, and the most promising candidate as the power source for (hybrid) electric vehicles and stationary energy storage.
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Capacity Fade Mechanisms and Side Reactions in Lithium‐Ion Batteries

TL;DR: A review of the current literature on capacity fade mechanisms can be found in this paper, where the authors describe the information needed and the directions that may be taken to include these mechanisms in advanced lithium-ion battery models.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cycle-life model for graphite-LiFePO4 cells

TL;DR: Experimental results indicated that the capacity loss was strongly affected by time and temperature, while the DOD effect was less important, and attempts in establishing a generalized battery life model that accounts for Ah throughput, C-rate, and temperature are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI

Formation of Lithium-Graphite Intercalation Compounds in Nonaqueous Electrolytes and Their Application as a Negative Electrode for a Lithium Ion (Shuttlecock) Cell

TL;DR: In this article, the staging phenomenon was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the first and second stage compounds were identified as a commensurate structure in which lithium atoms form a close-packed two-dimensional array.
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