Journal ArticleDOI
An appraisal of electric automobile power sources
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TLDR
In this article, the authors describe the merits and demerits of various proposed electrochemical systems for electric cars, namely the storage batteries, fuel cells and electrochemical supercapacitors, and determine the power and energy requirements of a modern car.Abstract:
Road transportation, as an important requirement of modern society, is presently hindered by restrictions in emission legislations as well as the availability of petroleum fuels, and as a consequence, the fuel cost. For nearly 270 years, we burned our fossil cache and have come to within a generation of exhausting the liquid part of it. Besides, to reduce the greenhouse gases, and to obey the environmental laws of most countries, it would be necessary to replace a significant number of the petroleum-fueled internal-combustion-engine vehicles (ICEVs) with electric cars in the near future. In this article, we briefly describe the merits and demerits of various proposed electrochemical systems for electric cars, namely the storage batteries, fuel cells and electrochemical supercapacitors, and determine the power and energy requirements of a modern car. We conclude that a viable electric car could be operated with a 50 kW polymer-electrolyte fuel cell stack to provide power for cruising and climbing, coupled in parallel with a 30 kW supercapacitor and/or battery bank to deliver additional short-term burst-power during acceleration.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hybrid battery/supercapacitor energy storage system for the electric vehicles
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the recent works devoted to the application of various battery/supercapacitor hybrid systems in EVs and present a review of these works from an electrical engineering point of view.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of Battery Electric Vehicle technology and readiness levels
Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari,Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari,Apostolos Pesiridis,Srithar Rajoo,Ricardo Martinez-Botas,Vahid Esfahanian +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the technological readiness of different elements of BEV technology and highlight those technological areas where important progress is expected, and investigate the economic issues linked with the development of BEVs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Design and analysis of aluminum/air battery system for electric vehicles
Shaohua Yang,Harold N. Knickle +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the performance of Al/air EVs with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEs) in terms of travel range, purchase price, fuel cost, and life cycle cost.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review study of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and equivalent electrical circuits of conducting polymers on carbon surfaces
TL;DR: In this article, a review of electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies and equivalent electrical circuits of conducting polymers, such as polypyrrole, polycarbazole, polyaniline, polythiophene and their derivatives, on carbon surfaces is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Control strategies for high-power electric vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cell, battery and supercapacitor
TL;DR: A comparative study performed in order to select the most suitable control strategy for high-power electric vehicles powered by FC, battery and supercapacitor (SC), in which each energy source uses a DC/DC converter to control the source power and adapt the output voltage to the common DC bus voltage.
References
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Book
Electrochemical Supercapacitors : Scientific Fundamentals and Technological Applications
TL;DR: In this paper, the double-layer and surface functionalities at Carbon were investigated and the double layer at Capacitor Electrode Interfaces: its structure and Capacitance.
Book
Fuel cells and their applications
TL;DR: The importance of fuel cells for energy saving is explained and evaluated and the extremely low pollution characteristics of dispersed fuel cells are emphasised in this article, where their wide-ranging applications in homes, small factories and power plants, and in some industries for the highly efficient conversion of waste and biomass materials, with the general effect of carbon dioxide reduction in all fossil-fuel-burning processes, are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Challenges for fuel cells in transport applications
TL;DR: The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) as mentioned in this paper has been used to develop a six-passenger automobile that can achieve up to 80 miles/gal.
Batteries for electric vehicles
Daj Rand,Ronald Woods +1 more
Abstract: The importance of research to improve the performance of electric vehicle power sources, particularly with respect to service life, is emphasized. Effective power sources are a necessity if electric vehicles are to receive general acceptance. The lead-acid battery can meet the requirements of commercial city driving. NERDDC Project 79/9317 is designed to simulate, in the laboratory, the duty cycle of a vehicle of modern design operating in an Australian urban environment and to determine the effects of a number of operational parameters on the nature of the processes which limit the capacity and cycle life of lead- acid batteries. Such information is essential if electric vehicle and battery design are to proceed along mutually compatible lines. Batteries with energy density higher than that of lead-acid are required for electric vehicles to make a major impact on the private car market. NERDDC Project 78/2612 is designed to develop advanced batteries with high energy density. Current progress of the research into lithium-organic and Ni/Zn systems is reviewed. It is pointed out that the concepts developed by CSIRO for battery research could form the basis of an Australian battery test facility. (Author/TRRL)