Journal ArticleDOI
Anthrax vaccines: past, present and future.
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TLDR
Most livestock vaccines in use throughout the world today for immunization against anthrax are derivatives of the live spore vaccine formulated by Sterne in 1937 and still use descendants of his strain 34F2, and room for development of a successor is discussed.About:
This article is published in Vaccine.The article was published on 1991-08-01. It has received 334 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Anthrax vaccines & Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Anthrax prophylaxis: recent advances and future directions
TL;DR: This review addresses the complex mechanisms of pathogenesis employed by the bacterium and describes how, as understanding has developed over many years, so too have current strategies for vaccination and therapy.
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Disability among U.S. Army personnel vaccinated against anthrax.
TL;DR: A historical cohort study of 716,833 active-duty soldiers followed for 4.25 years to determine rates of evaluation for disability discharge found anthrax vaccination does not increase risk of disability.
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Responding to the threat of bioterrorism: a microbial ecology perspective--the case of anthrax.
TL;DR: The US Government is seeking new ways to deter bioterrorism, including a tighter control of research on infectious agents, even though pathogens such as B. anthracis are widely spread in nature and easy to grow.
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Changing livestock vaccination policy alters the epidemiology of human anthrax, Georgia, 2000-2013.
Ian T. Kracalik,Lile Malania,Mariam Broladze,Archil Navdarashvili,Paata Imnadze,Sadie J. Ryan,Jason K. Blackburn +6 more
TL;DR: There was a major shift in the epidemiology of human anthrax in Georgia following a reduction in the immunizations administered, and increased reporting among individuals uncharacteristically at risk for anthrax from foodborne exposures suggests spillover from modes of agricultural production.
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Colonic immune suppression, barrier dysfunction, and dysbiosis by gastrointestinal bacillus anthracis Infection
Yaíma L. Lightfoot,Tao Yang,Bikash Sahay,Mojgan Zadeh,Sam X. Cheng,Gary P. Wang,Jennifer L. Owen,Mansour Mohamadzadeh +7 more
TL;DR: These studies provide critical immunologic and physiologic insights into the pathogenesis of GI anthrax infection, whereupon cleavage of mitogen-activated protein kinases in immune cells may play a central role in promoting dysfunctional immune responses against this deadly pathogen.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Anthrax toxin edema factor: a bacterial adenylate cyclase that increases cyclic AMP concentrations of eukaryotic cells.
TL;DR: It is shown here that EF is an adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1] produced by Bacillus anthracis in an inactive form and nearly equals that of the most active known cyclase.
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Evidence for plasmid-mediated toxin production in Bacillus anthracis.
TL;DR: It is likely that B. anthracis strains of temperature-sensitive plasmids which code for toxin structural or regulatory proteins are cured, like Pasteur vaccine strains, which were cured of their resident extrachromosomal gene pools by sequential passage of cultures.
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Differences in susceptibility of inbred mice to Bacillus anthracis.
TL;DR: The mouse model appears to be useful in studies on host resistance to anthrax and on the pathogenesis of the infection, especially when studies suggested that resistance to the Sterne strain is determined by a single dominant gene or gene complex.
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Field Evaluation of a Human Anthrax Vaccine.
Philip S. Brachman,Herman Gold,Stanley A. Plotkin,F. Robert Fekety,Milton Werrin,Norman R. Ingraham +5 more
TL;DR: This communication reports the data collected in a field study of a susceptible industrial population known to be chronically exposed to anthrax over a fouryear period.
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Construction of a potential bivalent vaccine strain: introduction of Shigella sonnei form I antigen genes into the galE Salmonella typhi Ty21a typhoid vaccine strain.
TL;DR: Data suggest that the galE S. typhi Ty21a oral vaccine strain, which presumably stimulates the local immune system in the intestine, may also serve as a useful carrier for other antigenic determinants to protect against different intestinal infections.