Journal ArticleDOI
Anthrax vaccines: past, present and future.
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TLDR
Most livestock vaccines in use throughout the world today for immunization against anthrax are derivatives of the live spore vaccine formulated by Sterne in 1937 and still use descendants of his strain 34F2, and room for development of a successor is discussed.About:
This article is published in Vaccine.The article was published on 1991-08-01. It has received 334 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Anthrax vaccines & Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed.read more
Citations
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Use of anthrax vaccine in the United States: Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices
John F. Modlin,Jr Snider,D. A. Brooks,R. D. Clover,F. A. Guerra,C. M. Helms,D. R. Johnson,C. T. Le,P. A. Offit,M. B. Rennels,L. S. Tompkins,B. M. Word,D. Bradshaw,J. E. Cheek,G. S. Evans,T. R. Graydon,M. G. Myers,C. Heilman,K. Midthun,Kristin L Nichol,M. Mahoney,L. Pickering,J. Abramson,S. A. Gall,P. Gardner,W. Schaffner,H. D. Wilson,W. P. McKinney,V. Marchessault,J. D. Siegel,S. L. Katz,J. I. Santos,R. E. Jackson,G. Peter,B. J. Howe,D. A. Ashford,L. D. Rotz +36 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Mucosal Immunization with a Novel Nanoemulsion-Based Recombinant Anthrax Protective Antigen Vaccine Protects against Bacillus anthracis Spore Challenge
Anna U. Bielinska,Katarzyna W. Janczak,Jeffrey J. Landers,Paul E. Makidon,Laurie E. Sower,Johnny W. Peterson,James R. Baker +6 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that NE can effectively adjuvant rPA for intranasal immunization, which potentially could lead to a needle-free anthrax vaccine requiring fewer doses and having fewer side effects than the currently available human vaccine.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis infection.
Stephen F. Little,Bruce E. Ivins +1 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the current knowledge pertaining to the pathogenesis of infection with Bacillus anthracis relative to the two exotoxins and the capsule.
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Effective Mucosal Immunity to Anthrax: Neutralizing Antibodies and Th Cell Responses Following Nasal Immunization with Protective Antigen
Prosper N. Boyaka,A. Tafaro,Romy Fischer,Stephen H. Leppla,Kohtaro Fujihashi,Jerry R. McGhee +5 more
TL;DR: The functional significance of the anti-PA Ab responses was established in an in vitro macrophage toxicity assay in which both plasma and mucosal secretions neutralized the lethal effects of Bacillus anthracis toxin.
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A recombinant carboxy-terminal domain of the protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis protects mice against anthrax infection.
Helen C. Flick-Smith,Nicola J. Walker,Paula Gibson,Helen L. Bullifent,Sarah Hayward,Julie Miller,Richard W. Titball,E. Diane Williamson +7 more
TL;DR: Results show that protection can be attributed to individual domains and imply that it is domain 4 which contains the dominant protective epitopes of PA.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Anthrax toxin edema factor: a bacterial adenylate cyclase that increases cyclic AMP concentrations of eukaryotic cells.
TL;DR: It is shown here that EF is an adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1] produced by Bacillus anthracis in an inactive form and nearly equals that of the most active known cyclase.
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Evidence for plasmid-mediated toxin production in Bacillus anthracis.
TL;DR: It is likely that B. anthracis strains of temperature-sensitive plasmids which code for toxin structural or regulatory proteins are cured, like Pasteur vaccine strains, which were cured of their resident extrachromosomal gene pools by sequential passage of cultures.
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Differences in susceptibility of inbred mice to Bacillus anthracis.
TL;DR: The mouse model appears to be useful in studies on host resistance to anthrax and on the pathogenesis of the infection, especially when studies suggested that resistance to the Sterne strain is determined by a single dominant gene or gene complex.
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Field Evaluation of a Human Anthrax Vaccine.
Philip S. Brachman,Herman Gold,Stanley A. Plotkin,F. Robert Fekety,Milton Werrin,Norman R. Ingraham +5 more
TL;DR: This communication reports the data collected in a field study of a susceptible industrial population known to be chronically exposed to anthrax over a fouryear period.
Journal ArticleDOI
Construction of a potential bivalent vaccine strain: introduction of Shigella sonnei form I antigen genes into the galE Salmonella typhi Ty21a typhoid vaccine strain.
TL;DR: Data suggest that the galE S. typhi Ty21a oral vaccine strain, which presumably stimulates the local immune system in the intestine, may also serve as a useful carrier for other antigenic determinants to protect against different intestinal infections.