Aquatic toxicity of sertraline to Pimephales promelas at environmentally relevant surface water pH.
TLDR
Relating site-specific pH variability of surface waters to ionization state may allow researchers to reduce uncertainty during ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals by improving estimates of biological effects associated with exposure.Abstract:
Researchers recognize that ionization state may influence the biological activity of weak acids and bases. Dissociation in aqueous solutions is controlled by the pKa of a compound and the pH of the matrix. Because many pharmaceuticals are implicitly designed as ionizable compounds, site-specific variability in pH of receiving waters may introduce uncertainty to ecological risk assessments. The present study employed 48-h and 7-d toxicity tests with Pimephales promelas exposed to the model weak base pharmaceutical sertraline over a gradient of environmentally relevant surface water pHs. The 48-h experiments were completed in triplicate, and the average lethal concentration values were 647, 205, and 72 μL sertraline at pH 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5, respectively. Survivorship, growth, and feeding rate (a nontraditional endpoint linked by other researchers to sertraline's specific mode of action) were monitored during the 7-d experiment. Adverse effects were more pronounced when individuals were exposed to sertraline at pH 8.5 compared to pH 7.5 and 6.5. The pH-dependent toxicological relationships from these studies were related to in-stream pH data for two streams in the Brazos River basin of central Texas, USA. This predictive approach was taken because of the scarcity of environmental analytical data for sertraline. The results of this study emphasized temporal variability associated with in-stream pH linked to seasonal differences within and between these spatially related systems. Relating site-specific pH variability of surface waters to ionization state may allow researchers to reduce uncertainty during ecological risk assessment of pharmaceuticals by improving estimates of biological effects associated with exposure.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in fish: Results of a national pilot study in the united states
Alejandro J. Ramirez,Richard A. Brain,Sascha Usenko,Mohammad A. Mottaleb,John G. O’Donnell,Leanne L. Stahl,John B. Wathen,Blaine D. Snyder,Jennifer L. Pitt,Pilar Perez-Hurtado,Laura L. Dobbins,Bryan W. Brooks,C. Kevin Chambliss +12 more
TL;DR: Results suggest that the detection of pharmaceuticals and personal care products was dependent on the degree of wastewater treatment employed, and more pharmaceuticals were detected at higher concentrations and with greater frequency in liver than in fillet tissues.
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Bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential of pharmaceuticals with a focus to the aquatic environment
TL;DR: More comprehensive approaches for the evaluation of environmental (ERA) and human health risk assessment (HRA) are included and analytical methods required to detect bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals are discussed.
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Pharmaceuticals in the environment: scientific evidence of risks and its regulation
Anette Küster,Nicole Adler +1 more
TL;DR: More general and integrative steps of regulation, legislation and research have been developed and are presented and should aim to improve the existing legislation for pharmaceuticals, prioritize pharmaceuticals in the environment and improve the availability and collection of pharmaceutical data.
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Human Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment: A Review of Recent Toxicological Studies and Considerations for Toxicity Testing
TL;DR: This work addresses many of the shortcomings in the literature by proposing "intelligent" well-designed aquatic toxicology studies that consider comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and recommends that future studies employ AOP approaches that leverage mammalian pharmacology information, including data on side effects and contraindications.
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The read-across hypothesis and environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals.
Mariann Rand-Weaver,Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci,Alpa Patel,Grace H. Panter,Stewart F. Owen,John P. Sumpter +5 more
TL;DR: There is a need for large-scale studies to generate robust data for testing the read-across hypothesis and developing predictive models, the only feasible approach to protecting the environment.
References
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Book
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TL;DR: An overview of the diversity of rivers and streams, including some of the causes of this diversity, and some of their consequences, can be found in this article, where the authors provide a roadmap for individual chapters that follow, rather than define terms and explain principles in any detail.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aquatic toxicity of triclosan.
David R. Orvos,Donald J. Versteeg,Josef Inauen,Marie Capdevielle,Arthur Rothenstein,Virginia L. Cunningham +5 more
TL;DR: The neutral form of TCS, a chlorinated biphenyl ether used as an antimicrobial in consumer products, was determined to be associated with toxic effects and Ionization and sorption will mitigate those effects in the aquatic compartment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Determination of select antidepressants in fish from an effluent-dominated stream.
Bryan W. Brooks,C. Kevin Chambliss,Jacob K. Stanley,Alejandro J. Ramirez,Kenneth E. Banks,Robert D. Johnson,Russell J. Lewis +6 more
TL;DR: The present study is the first report of SSRI residues in fish residing within municipal effluent-dominated systems and the SSRI metabolites norfluoxetine and desmethylsertraline were detected at levels greater than 0.1 ng/g in all tissues examined from fish residing in a municipal eff untreated stream.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolutionary Conservation of Human Drug Targets in Organisms used for Environmental Risk Assessments
Lina-Maria Gunnarsson,Alexandra Jauhiainen,Erik Kristiansson,Olle Nerman,D. G. Joakim Larsson +4 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that aquatic environmental risk assessments for human drugs should always include comprehensive studies on aquatic vertebrates, and individual targets, especially enzymes, are well conserved suggesting that tests on evolutionarily distant organisms would be highly relevant for certain drugs.