Association of Age and Pediatric Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Lauren A Paul,Nick Daneman,Kevin L Schwartz,Kevin A. Brown,Michael Whelan,Ellen Chan,Sarah A Buchan +6 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors found that younger children may be more likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with older children, and the highest odds of transmission was observed for children aged 0 to 3 years.Abstract:
Importance As a result of low numbers of pediatric cases early in the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains an understudied topic. Objective To determine whether there are differences in the odds of household transmission by younger children compared with older children. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study took place between June 1 and December 31, 2020, in Ontario, Canada. Private households in which the index case individual of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was younger than 18 years were included. Individuals were excluded if they resided in apartments missing suite information, in households with multiple index cases, or in households where the age of the index case individual was missing. Exposures Age group of pediatric index cases categorized as 0 to 3, 4 to 8, 9 to 13, and 14 to 17 years. Main Outcomes and Measures Household transmission, defined as households where at least 1 secondary case occurred 1 to 14 days after the pediatric index case. Results A total of 6280 households had pediatric index cases, and 1717 households (27.3%) experienced secondary transmission. The mean (SD) age of pediatric index case individuals was 10.7 (5.1) years and 2863 (45.6%) were female individuals. Children aged 0 to 3 years had the highest odds of transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to household contacts compared with children aged 14 to 17 years (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.17-1.75). This association was similarly observed in sensitivity analyses defining secondary cases as 2 to 14 days or 4 to 14 days after the index case and stratified analyses by presence of symptoms, association with a school/childcare outbreak, or school/childcare reopening. Children aged 4 to 8 years and 9 to 13 years also had increased odds of transmission (aged 4-8 years: odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18-1.67; aged 9-13 years: odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.97-1.32). Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that younger children may be more likely to transmit SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with older children, and the highest odds of transmission was observed for children aged 0 to 3 years. Differential infectivity of pediatric age groups has implications for infection prevention within households, as well as schools/childcare, to minimize risk of household secondary transmission. Additional population-based studies are required to establish the risk of transmission by younger pediatric index cases.read more
Citations
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Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age.
Emmanuel B. Walter,Kawsar R. Talaat,Charu Sabharwal,Alejandra Gurtman,Stephen Lockhart,Grant Paulsen,Elizabeth D. Barnett,Flor M. Munoz,Yvonne Maldonado,Barbara A. Pahud,Joseph B. Domachowske,Eric A. F. Simões,Uzma N. Sarwar,Nicholas Kitchin,Luke Cunliffe,Pablo Rojo,Ernest Kuchar,Mika Rämet,Iona Munjal,John L. Perez,Robert W. Frenck,Eleni Lagkadinou,Kena A. Swanson,Hua Ma,Xia Xu,Kenneth Koury,Susan Mather,Todd Belanger,David K. C. Cooper,Özlem Türeci,Philip R. Dormitzer,Ugur Sahin,Kathrin U. Jansen,William C. Gruber +33 more
TL;DR: A phase 1, dose-finding study and an ongoing phase 2-3 randomized trial are being conducted to investigate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine administered 21 days apart in children 6 months to 11 years of age.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age
TL;DR: A phase 1, dose-finding study and an ongoing phase 2-3 randomized trial are being conducted to investigate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine administered 21 days apart in children 6 months to 11 years of age as mentioned in this paper .
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Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19
Adarsh Bhimraj,Rebecca L. Morgan,Amy Hirsch Shumaker,Lindsey R. Baden,Vincent C.C. Cheng,Kathryn M. Edwards,Jason C. Gallagher,Rajesh T. Gandhi,William A. Muller,Mari M. Nakamura,John C. O’Horo,Robert W. Shafer,Shmuel Shoham,M. Hassan Murad,Reem A. Mustafa,Shahnaz Sultan,Yngve Falck-Ytter +16 more
TL;DR: Develop evidence-based, rapid, living guidelines intended to support patients, clinicians, and other healthcare professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19.
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Should children be vaccinated against COVID-19?
TL;DR: In this article, the authors outline the points to consider and highlight the complexity of policy decisions on COVID-19 vaccination in this age group and do not argue for or against vaccinating children against COVID19.
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Severity of Acute COVID-19 in Children <18 Years Old March 2020 to December 2021.
Christopher B. Forrest,Evanette Burrows,Asuncion Mejias,Hanieh Razzaghi,Dimitri A. Christakis,Ravi Jhaveri,Grace M. Lee,Nathan M. Pajor,Suchitra Rao,Deepika Thacker,L. Charles Bailey +10 more
TL;DR: Although 1 in 16 children infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus experienced moderate or severe illness, the risk of severe disease did not change with the emergence of the Delta variant, despite its high transmissibility.
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TL;DR: SARS-CoV-2 is more transmissible in households than SARS- coV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and older individuals (aged ≥60 years) are the most susceptible to household transmission of Sars-Cov-2.