Attentional bias to food images associated with elevated weight and future weight gain: an fMRI study.
Sonja Yokum,Janet Ng,Eric Stice +2 more
TLDR
Results indicate that overweight is related to greater attentional bias to food cues and that youth who show elevated reward circuitry responsivity during food cue exposure are at increased risk for weight gain.Abstract:
Behavioral studies reveal that obese vs. lean individuals show attentional bias to food stimuli. Yet research has not investigated this relation using objective brain imaging or tested whether attentional bias to food stimuli predicts future weight gain, which are important aims given the prominence of food cues in the environment. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine attentional bias in 35 adolescent girls ranging from lean to obese using an attention network task involving food and neutral stimuli. BMI correlated positively with speed of behavioral response to both appetizing food stimuli and unappetizing food stimuli, but not to neutral stimuli. BMI correlated positively with activation in brain regions related to attention and food reward, including the anterior insula/frontal operculum, lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), and superior parietal lobe, during initial orientation to food cues. BMI also correlated with greater activation in the anterior insula/frontal operculum during reallocation of attention to appetizing food images and with weaker activation in the medial OFC and ventral pallidum during reallocation of attention to unappetizing food images. Greater lateral OFC activation during initial orientation to appetizing food cues predicted future increases in BMI. Results indicate that overweight is related to greater attentional bias to food cues and that youth who show elevated reward circuitry responsivity during food cue exposure are at increased risk for weight gain.read more
Citations
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Prediction as a Humanitarian and Pragmatic Contribution from Human Cognitive Neuroscience
John D. E. Gabrieli,John D. E. Gabrieli,Satrajit S. Ghosh,Satrajit S. Ghosh,Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli +4 more
TL;DR: Findings in which initial brain measures are correlated with or predict future education, learning, and performance in children and adults; criminality; health-related behaviors; and responses to pharmacological or behavioral treatments are reviewed.
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Obesity and the brain: how convincing is the addiction model?
TL;DR: The current evidence for the link between addiction and obesity is examined, identifying several fundamental shortcomings in the model, as well as weaknesses and inconsistencies in the empirical support for it from human neuroscientific research.
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Neuroimaging and neuromodulation approaches to study eating behavior and prevent and treat eating disorders and obesity
David Val-Laillet,Esther Aarts,Bernd Weber,Marco Ferrari,Valentina Quaresima,Luke E. Stoeckel,Miguel Alonso-Alonso,Michel A. Audette,Charles-Henri Malbert,Eric Stice +9 more
TL;DR: The brain is put at the core of fundamental research, prevention and therapy in the context of obesity and eating disorders and non-invasive neuromodulation strategies to modulate food-related brain processes and functions are presented.
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fMRI reactivity to high-calorie food pictures predicts short- and long-term outcome in a weight-loss program.
TL;DR: It is found that greater activation in brain regions mediating motivational and attentional salience of food cues in obese individuals at the start of a weight-loss program was predictive of less success in the program and that such activation following the program predicted poorer weight control over a 9-mo follow-up period.
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Eating with our eyes: From visual hunger to digital satiation.
TL;DR: The impact that their increasing exposure to images of desirable foods via digital interfaces through digital interfaces might be having, and whether it might not inadvertently be exacerbating their desire for food (what the authors call 'visual hunger').
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