Autografting for patients with CML in chronic phase: an update. Hammersmith BMT Team LRF Centre for Adult Leukaemia.

TLDR: If the benefits of autografting in chronic phase seen in this non‐randomized series can be confirmed in a randomized study, autogRAFTing might be the treatment of choice for younger CML patients who do not have suitable donors for allogeneic transplant.

Abstract: Between 1984 and 1992, 21 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in chronic phase (CP) were treated with high-dose chemotherapy (or chemoradiotherapy) followed by autografting with unmanipulated peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). 12 of these patients survive at a median of 82 months from the time of autografting (range 9-105 months). Nine patients died, six of leukaemia in transformation and three from other causes. Survival of these 21 autograft patients was compared to that of 636 age-matched controls on the Medical Research Council's (MRC) data base, who had been treated with conventional chemotherapy over the same period. Autografted patients had a significantly longer survival at 5 years post autograft than chemotherapy patients (56% v 28%) even after appropriate allowance for time at risk before autograft (Mantel-Byar, 2P = 0.003). There was no difference in survival whether autografting was performed early in the disease or later or whether the PBSC had been harvested soon after diagnosis or later. If the benefits of autografting in chronic phase seen in this non-randomized series can be confirmed in a randomized study, autografting might be the treatment of choice for younger CML patients who do not have suitable donors for allogeneic transplant.