Bark water uptake promotes localized hydraulic recovery in coastal redwood crown.
J. Mason Earles,Or Sperling,Lucas C. R. Silva,Andrew J. McElrone,Andrew J. McElrone,Craig R. Brodersen,Malcolm P. North,Malcolm P. North,Maciej A. Zwieniecki +8 more
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The capacity to uptake biologically meaningful volumes of water via bark and leaves for localized hydraulic recovery throughout the crown during rain/fog events might be physiologically advantageous, allowing for relatively constant transpiration.Abstract:
Coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), the world's tallest tree species, rehydrates leaves via foliar water uptake during fog/rain events. Here we examine if bark also permits water uptake in redwood branches, exploring potential flow mechanisms and biological significance. Using isotopic labelling and microCT imaging, we observed that water entered the xylem via bark and reduced tracheid embolization. Moreover, prolonged bark wetting (16 h) partially restored xylem hydraulic conductivity in isolated branch segments and whole branches. Partial hydraulic recovery coincided with an increase in branch water potential from about -5.5 ± 0.4 to -4.2 ± 0.3 MPa, suggesting localized recovery and possibly hydraulic isolation. As bark water uptake rate correlated with xylem osmotic potential (R(2) = 0.88), we suspect a symplastic role in transferring water from bark to xylem. Using historical weather data from typical redwood habitat, we estimated that bark and leaves are wet more than 1000 h per year on average, with over 30 events being sufficiently long (>24 h) to allow for bark-assisted hydraulic recovery. The capacity to uptake biologically meaningful volumes of water via bark and leaves for localized hydraulic recovery throughout the crown during rain/fog events might be physiologically advantageous, allowing for relatively constant transpiration.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Foliar water uptake: Processes, pathways, and integration into plant water budgets.
TL;DR: The evidence for the biophysical conditions necessary for foliar water uptake to occur is reviewed, focusing on the plant and atmospheric water potentials necessary to create a gradient for water flow and the different pathways for uptake, as well as the potential fates of the water once inside the leaf.
Journal ArticleDOI
The two water worlds hypothesis: Addressing multiple working hypotheses and proposing a way forward
Z. Carter Berry,Jaivime Evaristo,Georgianne W. Moore,María Poca,Kathy Steppe,Lucile Verrot,Lucile Verrot,Heidi Asbjornsen,Laura S. Borma,Mario Bretfeld,Pedro Hervé-Fernández,Mark S. Seyfried,Luitgard Schwendenmann,Katherine Sinacore,Katherine Sinacore,Lien De Wispelaere,Jeffrey J. McDonnell,Jeffrey J. McDonnell +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the TWW hypothesis is considered as a null hypothesis and the theoretical and methodological issues that could explain the divergent isotopic signatures between the two water worlds are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The functional role of xylem parenchyma cells and aquaporins during recovery from severe water stress
TL;DR: An overview of xylem parenchyma cell biology with a special focus on aquaporins highlights recent breakthroughs on the unique ability of long-lived perennial plants to undergo cycles of embolism-recovery related to drought/rewetting or freeze/thaw events.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Possible Role of Non-Structural Carbohydrates in the Regulation of Tree Hydraulics.
TL;DR: Analysis of published data on stem hydraulics and NSC contents under drought/frost stress and subsequent stress relief found that embolism build-up positively correlated to stem NSC depletion, and that the magnitude of post-stress hydraulic recovery positively correlation to consumption of soluble sugars.
Journal ArticleDOI
Foliar Water Uptake in Trees: Negligible or Necessary?
TL;DR: The tight coupling between FWU and foliar fertilizer applications is highlighted, the ability of FWU to mitigate climate change-driven drought is discussed, and the importance of including FWU in mechanistic vegetation models is discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Vulnerability of Xylem to Cavitation and Embolism
Melvin T. Tyree,John S. Sperry +1 more
TL;DR: Embolism Formation by Winter Freezing, Water Stress-Induced Embolism, and more.
Journal ArticleDOI
Xylem Embolism in Ring-Porous, Diffuse-Porous, and Coniferous Trees of Northern Utah and Interior Alaska
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Journal ArticleDOI
The contribution of fog to the water relations of Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don): foliar uptake and prevention of dehydration
Stephen Burgess,Todd E. Dawson +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, Westman et al. investigated whether some fraction of intercepted fog water might be directly absorbed through leaf surfaces and if so, the importance of this to the water relations physiology of coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cutting xylem under tension or supersaturated with gas can generate PLC and the appearance of rapid recovery from embolism
TL;DR: The results suggest that sampling methods can generate PLC patterns indicative of repair under tension by inducing a degree of embolism that is itself a function of xylem tensions or supersaturation of dissolved gases (air injection) at the moment of sample excision.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Dynamics of Embolism Repair in Xylem: In Vivo Visualizations Using High-Resolution Computed Tomography
TL;DR: This study presents the first in vivo visualization and quantification of the refilling process for any species using high-resolution x-ray computed tomography and demonstrates that despite the presence of tensions in the bulk xylem, plants are able to restore hydraulic conductivity in the xyleM.
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