Journal ArticleDOI
Bimetallic catalysts for upgrading of biomass to fuels and chemicals
David Martin Alonso,Stephanie G. Wettstein,Stephanie G. Wettstein,James A. Dumesic,James A. Dumesic +4 more
TLDR
A review of recent results published in the literature for biomass upgrading reactions using bimetallic catalysts offers the possibility of enabling lignocellulosic processing to become a larger part of the biofuels and renewable chemical industry.Abstract:
Research interest in biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals has increased significantly in the last decade as the necessity for a renewable source of carbon has become more evident. Accordingly, many different reactions and processes to convert biomass into high-value products and fuels have been proposed in the literature. Special attention has been given to the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, which does not compete with food sources and is widely available as a low cost feedstock. In this review, we start with a brief introduction on lignocellulose and the different chemical structures of its components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. These three components allow for the production of different chemicals after fractionation. After a brief overview of the main reactions involved in biomass conversion, we focus on those where bimetallic catalysts are playing an important role. Although the reactions are similar for cellulose and hemicellulose, which contain C6 and C5 sugars, respectively, different products are obtained, and therefore, they have been reviewed separately. The third major fraction of lignocellulose that we address is lignin, which has significant challenges to overcome, as its structure makes catalytic processing more challenging. Bimetallic catalysts offer the possibility of enabling lignocellulosic processing to become a larger part of the biofuels and renewable chemical industry. This review summarizes recent results published in the literature for biomass upgrading reactions using bimetallic catalysts.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin valorization: improving lignin processing in the biorefinery.
Arthur J. Ragauskas,Gregg T. Beckham,Mary J. Biddy,Richard P. Chandra,Fang Chen,Mark F. Davis,Brian H. Davison,Richard A. Dixon,Paul Gilna,Martin Keller,Paul Langan,Amit K. Naskar,John N. Saddler,Timothy J. Tschaplinski,Gerald A. Tuskan,Charles E. Wyman +15 more
TL;DR: Recent developments in genetic engineering, enhanced extraction methods, and a deeper understanding of the structure of lignin are yielding promising opportunities for efficient conversion of this renewable resource to carbon fibers, polymers, commodity chemicals, and fuels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels
TL;DR: This paper presents a new state-of-the-art implementation of the iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Key Laborotary of Catalysis, which automates the very labor-intensive and therefore expensive and therefore time-heavy and expensive process ofalysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conversion of Biomass into Chemicals over Metal Catalysts
Journal ArticleDOI
Bimetallic Nanocrystals: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of recent research activities on bimetallic nanocrystals, featuring key examples from the literature that exemplify critical concepts and place a special emphasis on mechanistic understanding.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review.
Ye Sun,Jiayang Cheng +1 more
TL;DR: Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation effectively removes glucose, which is an inhibitor to cellulase activity, thus increasing the yield and rate of cellulose hydrolysis, thereby increasing the cost of ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials.
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Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals
TL;DR: Biomass is an important feedstock for the renewable production of fuels, chemicals, and energy, and it recently surpassed hydroelectric energy as the largest domestic source of renewable energy.