Showing papers in "Bioresource Technology in 2002"

TL;DR: Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation effectively removes glucose, which is an inhibitor to cellulase activity, thus increasing the yield and rate of cellulose hydrolysis, thereby increasing the cost of ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials.

TL;DR: The potential of a restored landfill site to act as a biomass source, providing fuel to supplement landfill gas-fuelled power stations, is examined, together with a comparison of the economics of power production from purpose-grown biomass versus waste-biomass.

TL;DR: A brief review of the main conversion processes is presented, with specific regard to the production of a fuel suitable for spark ignition gas engines.

TL;DR: The conversion of biomass by gasification into a fuel suitable for use in a gas engine increases greatly the potential usefulness of biomass as a renewable resource.

TL;DR: The effect of pH on the conversion of glucose to hydrogen by a mixed culture of fermentative bacteria was evaluated and the diversity of microbial communities increased with pH, based on 16S rDNA analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE).

TL;DR: The incorporation of both types of vermicompost-derived humic acids, into either type of soilless plant growth media, increased the growth of tomato and cucumber plants significantly, in terms of plant heights, leaf areas, shoot and root dry weights.

TL;DR: In this work, sunflower methyl esters were characterised to test their properties as fuels in diesel engines, such as viscosity, flash point, cold filter plugging point and acid value, and showed that biodiesel obtained under the optimum conditions is an excellent substitute for fossil fuels.

TL;DR: Results are consistent with the notion that autohydrolysis plays an important, if not exclusive, role in batch hydrothermal pretreatment, and will likely require a modified reactor configuration that better preserves dissolved xylan.

TL;DR: A review of advances in the three main alternative disposal routes for poultry litter, specifically in the last decade, is presented in this paper, where results of experimental investigations into the optimisation of composting, anaerobic digestion and direct combustion are summarised.

TL;DR: Yarrowia lipolytica LGAM S(7)1 presented remarkable growth on industrial glycerol used as sole carbon substrate whilst fat-free material yield increased over the whole range of D (h(-1)).

TL;DR: The potential of anaerobic digestion for material recovery and energy production from poultry slaughtering by-products and wastes and the current experience of the anaerobia digestion treatment of these materials are reviewed.

TL;DR: Waste palm oil was transesterified under various conditions and a 100% excess alcohol effected significant reductions in reaction time and lower gamma relative to lower excess levels, producing biodiesel with lower specific gravity, gamma, in a much shorter reaction time than lower concentrations.

TL;DR: Temperature of 30 degrees C and pH 7.5 were found to be optima for maximum biodegradation of Bombay High (BH) crude oil.

TL;DR: Alkaline wet oxidation was an efficient pre-treatment of wheat straw that resulted in solid fractions with high cellulose recovery and high enzymatic convertibility to glucose, and aromatic aldehyde formation was correlated to severe conditions with high temperatures and low pH.

TL;DR: The selective production of organic acids by anaerobic acidogenesis with pH control was examined using a chemostat culture, and the results showed that the product spectrum in the acid reactor strongly depended on the culture pH.

TL;DR: The objective of this research was to assess the ability of benthic freshwater algae to recover nutrients from dairy manure and to evaluate nutrient uptake rates and dry matter/crude protein yields in comparison to a conventional cropping system.

TL;DR: Physico-chemical and chemical characteristics of 13 coconut coir dust samples from Asia, America and Africa were evaluated as peat alternatives, and all properties studied differed significantly between and within sources, and from the control Sphagnum peat.

TL;DR: The results indicate that when the amount of geosmin was below the threshold level of human taste, the phosphoric acid-activated pecan shell carbon and the Scientific Carbons sample were more efficient than Filtrasorb 400 atGeosmin removal.

TL;DR: The results indicated that alcoholysis products of cotton seed oil could be used as valuable intermediates in oleochemistry.

TL;DR: The effect of C source on N losses by volatilization during composting was measured using four bulking agents, each at three humidity levels and composted in duplicate under passive and active aeration to establish a relationship established between N and C losses.

TL;DR: Effect of dyes and salts present in textile wastewater on methanogenesis was evaluated based on maximum methane production and methanogenic activity and it was observed that the black dye concentration of 400 mg/l seemed to cause inhibition of meethanogenesis.

TL;DR: The improved method involved production of silica aquagel by adding silicate solution to pH 1.5 hydrochloric, citric, or oxalic acid solutions until the pH 4.0 was reached and silica xerogels produced by the improved method had sodium content of 0.52% and 0.22%, respectively.

TL;DR: The germination index indicated the reduction of phytotoxicity during composting and the use of maize straw or cotton waste as bulking agents in the composting of olive mill wastewater sludge was compared.

TL;DR: Substitution of Metro-Mix 360 with any concentration of pig manure vermicompost, with all needed nutrients provided, increased the overall nitrate-nitrogen concentrations of the marigold leaf tissues at flowering stage and may be explained by nutritional factors.

TL;DR: The straw fiber remaining after fungal utilization was not as degradable as the original straw fiber, indicating that the fungal fermentation did not improve the feed value of the straw.

TL;DR: It was found that biosorption of dyes was influenced by the functional groups in the fungal biomass and the chemical structure of the dyes.

TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted for a period of 90 days during which bacterial growth, hydrocarbon degradation and growth parameters of Phaseolus aureus RoxB including seed germination, chlorophyll content, shoot and root length were measured.

TL;DR: Mechanical separation of liquid animal manure can be an effective technique for production of a liquid and a nutrient-rich solid fraction, but the efficiency was found to be highly dependent on the type of manure used.

TL;DR: It was found that the remaining phenolics and/or some of the oxidation products of the laccase reaction in the treated OMW were more toxic than the original phenolic compounds.

TL;DR: Composts of agroindustrial origin such as these can be used as an alternative to peat and CSs for growing ornamental plants, provided the mixture contains at least 25% peat or CS.