Candida auris: A rapidly emerging cause of hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant fungal infections globally.
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TLDR
Alarmingly, in a span of only 7 years, this yeast, which is difficult to treat and displays clonal interand intra-hospital transmission, has become widespread across several countries, causing a broad range of healthcare-associated invasive infections.Abstract:
Candidiasis, which includes both superficial infections and invasive disease, is the most common cause of fungal infection worldwide. Candida bloodstream infections (BSI) cause significant mortality and elicit a major threat to intensive care unit (ICU) patients [1]. The annual global burden of Candida spp. BSIs is about 400,000 cases, with most cases reported from the developed world. Although Candida albicans remains the most frequently isolated Candida species in the clinical setting, in some countries, a marked shift towards species of Candida that have increased resistance to azoles such as fluconazole (FLU), the standard antifungal drug of choice in many countries, and to the recently introduced antifungals known as echinocandins, is reported. Several species of non-albicans Candida, such as C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis, are well-recognized pathogens in BSIs in different geographic locations. More recently, Candida auris, a multidrug-resistant (MDR) yeast that exhibits resistance to FLU and markedly variable susceptibility to other azoles, amphotericin B (AMB), and echinocandins, has globally emerged as a nosocomial pathogen (Fig 1) [2–20]. Alarmingly, in a span of only 7 years, this yeast, which is difficult to treat and displays clonal interand intra-hospital transmission, has become widespread across several countries, causing a broad range of healthcare-associated invasive infections [4, 5, 10, 12, 21, 22].read more
Citations
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Worldwide emergence of resistance to antifungal drugs challenges human health and food security
TL;DR: To avoid a global collapse in the ability to control fungal infections and to avoid critical failures in medicine and food security, the authors must improve the stewardship of extant chemicals, promote new antifungal discovery, and leverage emerging technologies for alternative solutions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Candida auris: a Review of the Literature.
Anna Jeffery-Smith,Surabhi K. Taori,Silke Schelenz,Katie Jeffery,Elizabeth M. Johnson,Andrew M. Borman,Rohini Manuel,Colin S Brown,Colin S Brown +8 more
TL;DR: Genetic analysis indicates the simultaneous emergence of separate clades of this organism in different geographical locations, which will provide direction for further work in this field of Candida auris.
Journal ArticleDOI
A multicentre study of antifungal susceptibility patterns among 350 Candida auris isolates (2009-17) in India: role of the ERG11 and FKS1 genes in azole and echinocandin resistance.
Anuradha Chowdhary,Anupam Prakash,Cheshta Sharma,Milena Kordalewska,Anil Kumar,Smita Sarma,Bansidhar Tarai,Ashutosh Singh,Gargi Upadhyaya,Shalini Upadhyay,Priyanka Yadav,Pradeep Kumar Singh,Vikas Khillan,Neelam Sachdeva,David S. Perlin,Jacques F. Meis +15 more
TL;DR: The antifungal susceptibility of C. auris isolates from 10 hospitals in India collected over a period of 8 years was studied, finding that 25% and 13% of isolates were MDR and multi-azole resistant, respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resistance of Candida to azoles and echinocandins worldwide.
K.E. Pristov,Mahmoud A. Ghannoum +1 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms that azoles and echinocandins use against Candida species to treat infections, as well as the evolution of these fungi to become resistant to these drugs, are discussed, and the effect this has in the clinical settings around the globe.
References
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International Study of the Prevalence and Outcomes of Infection in Intensive Care Units
Jean Louis Vincent,Jordi Rello,John C. Marshall,Eliezer Silva,Antonio Anzueto,Claude Martin,Rui Moreno,Jeffrey Lipman,Charles D. Gomersall,Yasser Sakr,Konrad Reinhart +10 more
TL;DR: In this large cohort, infection was independently associated with an increased risk of hospital death and risk of infection increases with duration of ICU stay.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris on 3 Continents Confirmed by Whole-Genome Sequencing and Epidemiological Analyses
Shawn R. Lockhart,Kizee A. Etienne,Snigdha Vallabhaneni,Joveria Farooqi,Anuradha Chowdhary,Nelesh P. Govender,Arnaldo Lopes Colombo,Belinda Calvo,Christina A. Cuomo,Christopher A. Desjardins,Elizabeth L. Berkow,Mariana Castanheira,Rindidzani E. Magobo,Kauser Jabeen,Rana Jawad Asghar,Jacques F. Meis,Brendan R Jackson,Tom Chiller,Anastasia P. Litvintseva +18 more
TL;DR: Candida auris is an emerging healthcare-associated pathogen associated with high mortality, and WGS analysis suggests nearly simultaneous, and recent, independent emergence of different clonal populations on 3 continents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Candida auris sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital
TL;DR: A single strain of a novel ascomycetous yeast species belonging to the genus Candida was isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital and indicated that this strain represents a new species with a close phylogenetic relationship to Candida ruelliae and Candida haemulonii in the Metschnikowiaceae clade.
Journal ArticleDOI
First hospital outbreak of the globally emerging Candida auris in a European hospital
Silke Schelenz,Ferry Hagen,Johanna Rhodes,Alireza Abdolrasouli,Anuradha Chowdhary,Anne Hall,Lisa Ryan,Joanne Shackleton,Richard Trimlett,Jacques F. Meis,Darius Armstrong-James,Matthew C. Fisher +11 more
TL;DR: This ongoing outbreak with genotypically closely related C. auris highlights the importance of appropriate species identification and rapid detection of cases in order to contain hospital acquired transmission.
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