Showing papers in "Clinical Microbiology and Infection in 2019"

TL;DR: Findings from the current review have helped ascertain the association between various manifestations of mucormycosis, their respective predisposing factors and causative organisms.

TL;DR: Evidence for non-specific protection induced by BCG vaccination against viral infections, possible mechanisms of action, and implications for vaccination policies and vaccine discovery are reviewed.

TL;DR: The mechanisms that azoles and echinocandins use against Candida species to treat infections, as well as the evolution of these fungi to become resistant to these drugs, are discussed, and the effect this has in the clinical settings around the globe.

TL;DR: Saliva specimens have high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of respiratory viruses by an automated multiplex Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-waived point-of-care molecular assay when compared with those of NPA.

TL;DR: Breaching the skin barrier along with the insertion of medical devices offers CoNS opportunities to gain access to host tissues and to sustain there by forming biofilms on foreign body surfaces, which enables skin and mucosa colonization as well as establishment of CoNS on indwelling foreign bodies.

TL;DR: Observational studies and randomized clinical trials of CRE treatment are summarized, with a specific focus on the effects of monotherapy compared with combination treatment and a high risk of selection bias.

TL;DR: An increasing overall pooled incidence rate of candidaemia and a higher proportion of Candida spp.

TL;DR: A succinct overview of the important pharmacokinetic/pharmocodynamic parameters of relevant antimicrobial agents, a critical appraisal of randomized control trials and observational studies, suggestions for increasing the strength of observational studies and directions facilitating the choice of therapeutic regimens by severity of infection and status of the host are provided.

TL;DR: Obtaining blood cultures during antibiotic therapy is associated with a significant loss of pathogen detection, which strongly emphasizes the current recommendation to obtain blood cultures before antibiotic administration in patients with sepsis.

TL;DR: This consensus on core elements for hospital AMS programmes is relevant to both high- and low-to-middle-income countries and could facilitate the development of national AMS stewardship guidelines and adoption by healthcare settings worldwide.

TL;DR: Triazole resistance significantly complicates the management of aspergillosis and multidisciplinary research from a 'One-health' perspective is required to retain the triazole class for medical use.

TL;DR: Non-absorbable antibiotics followed by FMT slightly decreased ESBL-E/CPE carriage compared with controls; this difference was not statistically significant, potentially due to early trial termination.

TL;DR: These evidence-based guidelines provide recommendations for decolonizing regimens targeting multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) carriers in all settings and suggest designing high-quality prospective clinical studies to assess the risk of CRE infections in immunocompromised patients.

TL;DR: The results support laboratory-component-linked viral sequence contamination of both biological and synthetic origin and provide an extensive list of novel contaminating viral sequences that can be used for evaluation of viral findings in future virome and metagenome studies.

TL;DR: This guideline provides recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of IA in the paediatric population, including neonates, to facilitate optimal management of neonates and children at risk for or diagnosed with IA.

TL;DR: The Goti model is revealed as suitable for improving precision dosing in hospitalized patients and should be used to drive vancomycin dosing decisions, and studies to link this finding to clinical outcomes are warranted.

TL;DR: The high mortality among elderly was unexpected in an influenza B dominated season, which commonly are considered to cause mild illness, mainly among children, and the common perception of influenza B only having a modest impact on excess mortality in the older population may be reconsidered.

TL;DR: The results support a protective role of HL-VMB for HPV and C. trachomatis in vaginal microbiota and the need for longitudinal studies to lay the foundation for its integration in prevention and treatment strategies is advocated.

TL;DR: Phase 1 study results of MEDI3902 in healthy subjects support further evaluation of its safety and efficacy in subjects at risk for P. aeruginosa pneumonia in high-risk patients.

TL;DR: In this first epidemiological study of Nocardia isolated from human samples in France, N. farcinica was the species most frequently identified and its prevalence increased over time.

TL;DR: Considering the minority amount of GNB in late postoperative PJI, the empirical use of a broad-spectrum β-lactam should be reconsidered, especially when a two-stage exchange is planned.

TL;DR: Cefazolin seemed to be at least equally as effective as ASPs while being associated with less nephrotoxicity, and may be associated with equal 30-day and 90-day mortality.

TL;DR: In acute PJI manifesting after a pain-free period, the haematogenous infection route should be considered and the primary infectious focus should be actively searched for.

TL;DR: A critical overview of the current state of possibilities to accelerate rAST is provided, as it appears feasible to generate an AST report within the same working shift; however, only affordable and easy-to-use rAST technologies have a chance to enter broad diagnostic routine.

TL;DR: Although some vaccines may reduce antibiotic use, collection of high-quality data in future vaccine trials is needed to improve the evidence base.

TL;DR: T. marneffei infection is commonly found in hospitalized HIV/AIDS patients in southern China and was associated with a higher mortality rate than most HIV-associated complications and the need for improved diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infection by this neglected fungal pathogen.

TL;DR: This narrative review aimed to address the performance of Ultra and Xpert in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and to discuss the expectations of these tests as well as their limits and the unmet needs.

TL;DR: A new algorithm was developed, consisting of an immunochromatographic assay as the first test followed by zCIM, which allows detection of 99.3% of all carbapenemases assessed, and is rapid, simple, and inexpensive and can be performed in any microbiology laboratory, as no PCR equipment is required.

TL;DR: Increased use and availability of point-of-care tests and molecular assays in modern era allow more rapid and accurate diagnoses and increased sensitivity in the identification of parasitic infections.

TL;DR: The aim of this narrative literature review is to summarize the published information on the currently available antibiotics for the treatment of ESBL-E infections, providing specific information on three subgroups of patients: Group 1, patients with severe infections or infections from high-risk sources or in severely immunocompromised patients; Group 2, Patients with non-severe infections from intermediate-risk source; and Group 3, patientswith non- severe urinary tract infection.