Cardiac natriuretic peptides act via p38 MAPK to induce the brown fat thermogenic program in mouse and human adipocytes.
Marica Bordicchia,Dianxin Liu,Ez-Zoubir Amri,Gérard Ailhaud,Paolo Dessì-Fulgheri,Chaoying Zhang,Nobuyuki Takahashi,Riccardo Sarzani,Sheila Collins +8 more
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TLDR
The ability of mammals to resist body fat accumulation is linked to their ability to expand the number and activity of brown-like adipocytes within white fat depots as mentioned in this paper, which can induce a functional “brown-like” adipocyte phenotype.Abstract:
The ability of mammals to resist body fat accumulation is linked to their ability to expand the number and activity of “brown adipocytes” within white fat depots. Activation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) can induce a functional “brown-like” adipocyte phenotype. As cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs) and β-AR agonists are similarly potent at stimulating lipolysis in human adipocytes, we investigated whether NPs could induce human and mouse adipocytes to acquire brown adipocyte features, including a capacity for thermogenic energy expenditure mediated by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). In human adipocytes, atrial NP (ANP) and ventricular NP (BNP) activated PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and UCP1 expression, induced mitochondriogenesis, and increased uncoupled and total respiration. At low concentrations, ANP and β-AR agonists additively enhanced expression of brown fat and mitochondrial markers in a p38 MAPK–dependent manner. Mice exposed to cold temperatures had increased levels of circulating NPs as well as higher expression of NP signaling receptor and lower expression of the NP clearance receptor (Nprc) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT). NPR-C–/– mice had markedly smaller WAT and BAT depots but higher expression of thermogenic genes such as Ucp1. Infusion of BNP into mice robustly increased Ucp1 and Pgc-1α expression in WAT and BAT, with corresponding elevation of respiration and energy expenditure. These results suggest that NPs promote “browning” of white adipocytes to increase energy expenditure, defining the heart as a central regulator of adipose tissue biology.read more
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Beige Adipocytes Are a Distinct Type of Thermogenic Fat Cell in Mouse and Human
Jun Wu,Pontus Boström,Lauren M. Sparks,Li Ye,Jang Hyun Choi,An Hoa Giang,Melin J. Khandekar,Kirsi A. Virtanen,Pirjo Nuutila,Gert Schaart,Kexin Huang,Hua Tu,Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt,Joris Hoeks,Sven Enerbäck,Patrick Schrauwen,Bruce M. Spiegelman +16 more
TL;DR: Beige cells have a gene expression pattern distinct from either white or brown fat and are preferentially sensitive to the polypeptide hormone irisin, providing evidence that previously identified brown fat deposits in adult humans are composed of beige adipocytes.
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Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential
Matthew J. Harms,Patrick Seale +1 more
TL;DR: Many genes and pathways that regulate brown and beige adipocyte biology have now been identified, providing a variety of promising therapeutic targets for metabolic disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adipose tissue browning and metabolic health
Alexander Bartelt,Joerg Heeren +1 more
TL;DR: Stimulating the development of beige adipocytes in WAT (so called 'browning') might reduce adverse effects of WAT and could help to improve metabolic health, as well as inspire new avenues to increase the capacity for adaptive thermogenesis.
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Obesity-induced hypertension: interaction of neurohumoral and renal mechanisms.
TL;DR: With prolonged obesity and development of target organ injury, obesity-associated hypertension becomes more difficult to control, often requiring multiple antihypertensive drugs and treatment of other risk factors, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, and inflammation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive thermogenesis in adipocytes: Is beige the new brown?
TL;DR: A deeper understanding of the molecular processes involved in the development and function of these cell types may lead to new therapeutics for obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases.
References
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Identification and Importance of Brown Adipose Tissue in Adult Humans
AM Cypess,Sanaz Lehman,Gethin Williams,Ilan Tal,Dean Rodman,Allison B. Goldfine,FC Kuo,Edwin L. Palmer,Yu-Hua Tseng,Alessandro Doria,Gerald M. Kolodny,C R Kahn +11 more
TL;DR: Defined regions of functionally active brown adipose tissue are present in adult humans, are more frequent in women than in men, and may be quantified noninvasively with the use of (18)F-FDG PET-CT.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure.
Alan S. Maisel,Padma Krishnaswamy,Richard M. Nowak,James McCord,Judd E. Hollander,Philippe Duc,Torbjørn Omland,Alan B. Storrow,William T. Abraham,Alan H.B. Wu,Paul Clopton,Philippe Gabriel Steg,Arne Westheim,Catherine W. Knudsen,Alberto Perez,Radmila Kazanegra,Howard C. Herrmann,Peter A. McCullough +17 more
TL;DR: Used in conjunction with other clinical information, rapid measurement of B-type natriuretic peptide is useful in establishing or excluding the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in patients with acute dyspnea.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men.
Wouter D. van Marken Lichtenbelt,Joost W. Vanhommerig,Nanda M Smulders,Jamie Drossaerts,Gerrit J. Kemerink,Nicole D. Bouvy,Patrick Schrauwen,G J Jaap Teule +7 more
TL;DR: Brown adipose tissue may be metabolically important in men, and the fact that it is reduced yet present in most overweight or obese subjects may make it a target for the treatment of obesity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults.
Kirsi A. Virtanen,Martin E. Lidell,Janne Orava,Mikael Heglind,Rickard Westergren,Tarja Niemi,Markku Taittonen,Jukka Laine,Nina-Johanna Savisto,Sven Enerbäck,Pirjo Nuutila +10 more
TL;DR: These findings document the presence of substantial amounts of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans
TL;DR: It is concluded that a substantial fraction of adult humans possess active brown adipose tissue that thus has the potential to be of metabolic significance for normal human physiology as well as to become pharmaceutically activated in efforts to combat obesity.