Journal ArticleDOI
Cataracts among Chernobyl Clean-up Workers: Implications Regarding Permissible Eye Exposures
Basil V. Worgul,Y. I. Kundiyev,N. M. Sergiyenko,Vadim V. Chumak,P. M. Vitte,C. Medvedovsky,Elena Bakhanova,A. K. Junk,O. Y. Kyrychenko,N. V. Musijachenko,S. A. Shylo,O. P. Vitte,S. Xu,Xiaonan Xue,Roy E. Shore,Roy E. Shore +15 more
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TLDR
The findings do not support the ICRP 60 risk guideline assumption of a 5-Gy threshold for “detectable opacities” from protracted exposures but rather point to a dose–effect threshold of under 1 Gy.Abstract:
Worgul, B. V., Kundiyev, Y. I., Sergiyenko, N. M., Chumak, V. V., Vitte, P. M., Medvedovsky, C., Bakhanova, E. V., Junk, A. K., Kyrychenko, O. Y., Musijachenko, N. V., Shylo, S. A., Vitte, O. P., Xu, S., Xue, X. and Shore, R. E. Cataracts among Chernobyl Clean-up Workers: Implications Regarding Permissible Eye Exposures. Radiat. Res. 167, 233–243 (2007). The eyes of a prospective cohort of 8,607 Chernobyl clean-up workers (liquidators) were assessed for cataract at 12 and 14 years after exposure. The prevalence of strictly age-related cataracts was low, as expected (only 3.9% had nuclear cataracts at either examination), since 90% of the cohort was younger than 55 years of age at first examination. However, posterior subcapsular or cortical cataracts characteristic of radiation exposure were present in 25% of the subjects. The data for Stage 1 cataracts, and specifically for posterior subcapsular cataracts, revealed a significant dose response. When various cataract end points were analyzed for d...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
ICRP PUBLICATION 118: ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions and Early and Late Effects of Radiation in Normal Tissues and Organs – Threshold Doses for Tissue Reactions in a Radiation Protection Context
F A Stewart,A V Akleyev,Martin Hauer-Jensen,Jolyon H Hendry,N J Kleiman,Thomas J. MacVittie,B M Aleman,Angela B. Edgar,K Mabuchi,C R Muirhead,Roy E. Shore,William Wallace +11 more
TL;DR: Estimates of ‘practical’ threshold doses for tissue injury defined at the level of 1% incidence are provided and it appears that the rate of dose delivery does not modify the low incidence for reactions manifesting very late after low total doses, particularly for cataracts and circulatory disease.
ICRP statement on tissue reactions and early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs -- threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context
C. H. Clement,F. A. Stewart +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a statement on the early and late effects of ionising radiation in normal tumor and kidney responses to irradiation, as well as some modifications of normal tumor response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk of Cataract after Exposure to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation: A 20-Year Prospective Cohort Study among US Radiologic Technologists
Gabriel Chodick,Nural Bekiroglu,Michael Hauptmann,Michael Hauptmann,Bruce H. Alexander,D. Michal Freedman,Michele M. Doody,Li C. Cheung,Steven L. Simon,Robert M. Weinstock,André Bouville,Alice J. Sigurdson +11 more
TL;DR: Findings challenge the National Council on Radiation Protection and International Commission on Radiological Protection assumptions that the lowest cumulative ionizing radiation dose to the lens of the eye that can produce a progressive cataract is approximately 2 Gy and support the hypothesis that the highest cataracts produced in humans is substantially less than previously thought.
Journal ArticleDOI
ICRP PUBLICATION 120: Radiological protection in cardiology.
C. Cousins,Donald L. Miller,Guglielmo Bernardi,Madan M. Rehani,Schofield P,Eliseo Vano,Andrew J. Einstein,Bernhard Geiger,Heintz P,R. Padovani,Kui-Hian Sim +10 more
TL;DR: Advice is provided to assist the cardiologist with justification procedures and optimisation of protection in cardiac CT studies, cardiac nuclear medicine studies, and fluoroscopically guided cardiac interventions, and quality assurance programmes for interventional fluoroscopy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radiation cataractogenesis: a review of recent studies.
Elizabeth A. Ainsbury,Simon Bouffler,Wolfgang Dörr,Jochen Graw,Colin R. Muirhead,Alan Edwards,J. Cooper +6 more
TL;DR: The combined results of recent mechanistic and human studies regarding induction of cataracts by ionizing radiation indicate that the threshold forCataract development is certainly less than was previously estimated, or that radiation cataractogenesis may in fact be more accurately described by a linear, no-threshold model.
References
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Recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection
R.M. Sievert,G. Failla +1 more
TL;DR: Recommendations are presented which represent concepts and practices evolved from recent discussions at formal and informal meetings of the Commission and its Committees.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Lens Opacities Classification System III
Leo T. Chylack,John K. Wolfe,D.M. Singer,M. C. Leske,Mark A. Bullimore,Ian Bailey,Judith Friend,D. Mccarthy,Suh Yuh Wu +8 more
TL;DR: The LOCS III is an improved LOCS system for grading slit-lamp and retroillumination images of age-related cataract and contains an expanded set of standards that were selected from the Longitudinal Study of Cataract slide library.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Analysis of Correlated Data Using Generalized Estimating Equations: An Orientation
TL;DR: Small worked examples and one real data set are used to help end-users appreciate the essence of the GEE method and allow nonstatisticians to imagine the calculations involved when the Gee method is applied to more complex multivariate data.