Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical neuromodulation of frontal-executive functions in humans and other animals.
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TLDR
Hypotheses are advanced that accord the ascending systems a greater deal of specificity in modulating prefrontal cortical function than has hitherto been entertained, and clinical and theoretical implications of this hypothesis are discussed.Abstract:
Neuromodulation of frontal-executive function is reviewed in the context of experiments on rats, monkeys and human subjects. The different functions of the chemically identified systems of the reticular core are analysed from the perspective of their possible different interactions with the prefrontal cortex. The role of dopamine in spatial working memory is reviewed, taking account of its deleterious as well as facilitatory effects. Baseline-dependent effects of dopaminergic manipulation are described in rats on an attentional task, including evidence of enhanced function following infusions of D1 receptor agonists into the prefrontal cortex. The precise nature of the cognitive task under study is shown to be a powerful determinant of the effects of mesofrontal dopamine depletion in monkeys. Parallels are identified in human subjects receiving drugs such as the indirect catecholamine agonists L-dopa, methylphenidate and the dopamine D2 receptor blocker sulpiride. The effects of these drugs on different types of cognitive function sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction are contrasted with those of a manipulation of 5-HT function, dietary tryptophan depletion. Hypotheses are advanced that accord the ascending systems a greater deal of specificity in modulating prefrontal cortical function than has hitherto been entertained, and clinical and theoretical implications of this hypothesis are discussed.read more
Citations
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Inverted-U-shaped dopamine actions on human working memory and cognitive control.
Roshan Cools,Mark D'Esposito +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence from a series of studies with experimental animals, healthy humans, and patients with Parkinson's disease suggests the existence of an optimum DA level for cognitive function implicates the need to take into account baseline levels of DA when isolating the effects of DA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prefrontal executive and cognitive functions in rodents: neural and neurochemical substrates
TL;DR: It is anticipated that a greater understanding of the prefrontal cortex will come from using tasks that load specific cognitive and executive processes, in parallel with discovering new ways of manipulating the different sub-regions and neuromodulatory systems of the cortex.
Journal ArticleDOI
A dynamic developmental theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predominantly hyperactive/impulsive and combined subtypes.
TL;DR: The dynamic developmental behavioral theory describes how individual predispositions interact with these conditions to produce behavioral, emotional, and cognitive effects that can turn into relatively stable behavioral patterns.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catechol O-methyltransferase val158-met genotype and individual variation in the brain response to amphetamine.
Venkata S. Mattay,Terry E. Goldberg,Francesco Fera,Ahmad R. Hariri,Alessandro Tessitore,Michael F. Egan,Bhaskar Kolachana,Joseph H. Callicott,Daniel R. Weinberger +8 more
TL;DR: Basic evidence of an inverted-“U” functional-response curve to increasing dopamine signaling in the prefrontal cortex is extended and individuals with the met/met catechol O-methyltransferase genotype appear to be at increased risk for an adverse response to amphetamine.
References
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A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward
TL;DR: Findings in this work indicate that dopaminergic neurons in the primate whose fluctuating output apparently signals changes or errors in the predictions of future salient and rewarding events can be understood through quantitative theories of adaptive optimizing control.
Book
The Cognitive Neurosciences
TL;DR: The fourth edition of The Cognitive Neurosciences continues to chart new directions in the study of the biologic underpinnings of complex cognition -the relationship between the structural and physiological mechanisms of the nervous system and the psychological reality of the mind as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modulation of memory fields by dopamine D1 receptors in prefrontal cortex.
TL;DR: The precision shown for D1 receptor modulation of mnemonic processing indicates a direct gating of selective excitatory synaptic inputs to prefrontal neurons during cognition.
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Cognitive deficit caused by regional depletion of dopamine in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkey.
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that dopamine plays an important role in a specific cortical function in rhesus monkeys and that this role can be pharmacologically reversed with dopamine agonists.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dissociation in prefrontal cortex of affective and attentional shifts
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that disinhibition, or a loss of inhibitory control, can be selective for particular cognitive functions and that different regions of the prefrontal cortex provide inhibitory Control in different aspects of cognitive processing.